Gholami Fatemeh, Martami Fahime, Ghorbaninezhad Parivash, Mirrafiei Amin, Ebaditabar Mojdeh, Davarzani Samira, Babaei Nadia, Djafarian Kurosh, Shab-Bidar Sakineh
Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
Br J Nutr. 2023 Mar 14;129(5):843-853. doi: 10.1017/S000711452200143X. Epub 2022 May 16.
The present study examined the association between low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) score, glycemic index (GI), and glycemic load (GL) with visceral fat level (VFL) and lipid accumulation product (LAP). This cross-sectional study was conducted on 270 adults (118 men and 152 women) aged between 18-45 living in Tehran, Iran, between February 2017 and December 2018. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Body composition were also assessed. We used analyses of covariance and binary logistic regression to explore associations after controlling for age, energy intake (model 1), education, smoking status, physical activity, occupation, marriage and metabolic diseases. There were no significant differences between tertiles of GI, GL and LCD for means of anthropometric measures, LAP and VFL index in men, while women in the highest tertile of GI and GL had significantly higher mean LAP in the crude model ( = 0·02) and model 1( = 0·04), which disappeared after controlling for other confounders ( = 0·12). Moreover, the OR and CIs for having high LAP and VFL was not associated with dietary GI, GL and LCD in crude and adjusted models. However, chance of high VFL reduced by 65% and 57% among women with high adherence to LCD score (OR = 0·35, 95% CI = 0·16-0·78, = 0·01) and model 1 (OR = 0·43, 95% CI = 0·18-1, = 0·05), respectively. However, this significant association disappeared after controlling for other confounders ( = 0·07). Overall, we found carbohydrate quality and LCD score are not associated with LAP and VFL index. However, gender-specific relationship should not be neglect and warrants further investigation.
本研究考察了低碳水化合物饮食（LCD）评分、血糖生成指数（GI）和血糖负荷（GL）与内脏脂肪水平（VFL）和脂质堆积产物（LAP）之间的关联。这项横断面研究于2017年2月至2018年12月期间，对居住在伊朗德黑兰的270名年龄在18至45岁之间的成年人（118名男性和152名女性）进行。使用经过验证的半定量食物频率问卷（FFQ）评估饮食摄入量。还评估了身体成分。我们使用协方差分析和二元逻辑回归来探索在控制年龄、能量摄入（模型1）、教育程度、吸烟状况、身体活动、职业、婚姻状况和代谢疾病后的关联。男性中，GI、GL和LCD三分位数在人体测量指标、LAP和VFL指数均值方面无显著差异，而在原始模型（P = 0·02）和模型1（P = 0·04）中，处于GI和GL最高三分位数的女性平均LAP显著更高，在控制其他混杂因素后这种差异消失（P = 0·12）。此外，在原始模型和调整模型中，高LAP和VFL的比值比（OR）及可信区间（CIs）与饮食GI、GL和LCD无关。然而，在LCD评分高依从性的女性中，高VFL的几率在原始模型（OR = 0·35，95% CI = 0·16 - 0·78，P = 0·01）和模型1（OR = 0·43，95% CI = 0·18 - 1，P = 0·05）中分别降低了65%和57%。然而，在控制其他混杂因素后，这种显著关联消失（P = 0·07）。总体而言，我们发现碳水化合物质量和LCD评分与LAP和VFL指数无关。然而，特定性别的关系不应被忽视，值得进一步研究。
