Hewitt Paul L, Smith Martin M, Flett Gordon L, Ko Ariel, Kerns Connor, Birch Susan, Peracha Hira
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
J Psychoeduc Assess. 2022 Jun;40(3):327-345. doi: 10.1177/07342829211062009. Epub 2022 Mar 5.
Research on adults indicates other-oriented perfectionism (requiring perfection from others) is associated with various consequential outcomes independent of self-oriented perfectionism (requiring perfection of the self) and socially prescribed perfectionism (believing others require perfection of the self). However, historically, the most widely used and researched measure of trait perfectionism in children, the Child-Adolescent Perfectionism Scale (CAPS), has omitted other-oriented perfectionism. In the present study, we address this by reporting on the multisource development and validation of the first self-report measure of other-oriented perfectionism specifically intended for youths: the Other-Oriented Perfectionism Subscale-Junior Form (OOPjr). Children ( = 107; Mage = 11.5, SD = 1.7) completed the OOPjr, CAPS, and measures of perfectionistic self-presentation, narcissism, social disconnection, depressive symptoms, and parental psychological control. Parents provided ratings of children's self-oriented, socially prescribed, and other-oriented perfectionism. Psychometric analyses indicated the OOPjr is a homogenous and internally reliable scale that, when factor analyzed alongside the CAPS, displays measurement invariance across gender and replicates the three-factor solution found in adults. Furthermore, parent ratings of other-oriented perfectionism showed unique positive relationships with OOPjr scores, but not CAPS scores. Likewise, other-oriented perfectionism had independent positive relationships with narcissistic superiority and achievement-oriented parental psychological control, after controlling for self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism. Overall, our findings provide preliminary support for the use of the OOPjr as a measure of other-oriented perfectionism in youths.
针对成年人的研究表明，他人导向型完美主义（要求他人完美）与各种相应结果相关，这些结果独立于自我导向型完美主义（要求自己完美）和社会规定型完美主义（认为他人要求自己完美）。然而，从历史上看，儿童特质完美主义最广泛使用和研究的衡量标准——儿童青少年完美主义量表（CAPS）——遗漏了他人导向型完美主义。在本研究中，我们通过报告首个专门针对青少年的他人导向型完美主义自我报告测量工具——他人导向型完美主义子量表初级版（OOPjr）的多源开发和验证来解决这一问题。儿童（n = 107；平均年龄Mage = 11.5，标准差SD = 1.7）完成了OOPjr、CAPS以及完美主义自我呈现、自恋、社交脱节、抑郁症状和父母心理控制的测量。父母对孩子的自我导向型、社会规定型和他人导向型完美主义进行了评分。心理测量分析表明，OOPjr是一个同质且内部可靠的量表，当与CAPS一起进行因素分析时，在性别上显示出测量不变性，并重现了在成年人中发现的三因素解决方案。此外，父母对他人导向型完美主义的评分与OOPjr分数呈独特的正相关，但与CAPS分数无关。同样，在控制了自我导向型和社会规定型完美主义后，他人导向型完美主义与自恋优越感和成就导向型父母心理控制呈独立的正相关。总体而言，我们的研究结果为使用OOPjr作为青少年他人导向型完美主义的测量工具提供了初步支持。
