Stornæs Annett Victoria, Rosenvinge Jan H, Sundgot-Borgen Jorunn, Pettersen Gunn, Friborg Oddgeir
Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
Department of Psychology, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Front Psychol. 2019 Sep 6;10:2039. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02039. eCollection 2019.
The versatile construct of perfectionism has been heavily debated, e.g., its nature or measurement constituents, how it influences performances or, most importantly, our health. Conventional linear analyses seem inadequate to address such challenges. Hence, we used a latent variable and a person-centered approach to identify different patterns of perfectionism, and their relationships with psychological health as outcome among early adolescents (13-14 years) attending conventional or elite sports-/performance-oriented lower secondary schools (14 schools, 832 students, 53% girls). All students completed two perfectionism scales, i.e., the child-adolescent perfectionism scale (CAPS) and the frost multidimensional perfectionism scale (FMPS). The criterion-related variables of psychological health included anxiety, depression, eating disorder problems, self-worth and resilience, respectively. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses yielded a four-factor representation of perfectionism. Using latent class analysis extracted five profiles of perfectionism, which were related to the criterion variables. Three profiles were clear indicators of either low or high perfectionism score patterns. Two profiles showed a mixed picture of high and low scores, whereas one represented a psychological healthy subgroup. About four of ten adolescents in the ordinary schools matched the two most debilitating perfectionism profiles compared to two of ten in the elite schools. How these results align with international findings is discussed along with the relevance for early interventions aimed at preventing the potential downsides of perfectionism. Longitudinal studies are neeed to explore profile trajectories as well as possible health consequences.
完美主义的多元结构一直存在激烈争论，例如其本质或测量要素、它如何影响表现，或者最重要的是，它如何影响我们的健康。传统的线性分析似乎不足以应对此类挑战。因此，我们采用了潜变量和以人为中心的方法来识别完美主义的不同模式，以及它们与心理健康的关系，以就读于传统或精英体育/表演导向型初中（14所学校，832名学生，53%为女生）的青少年（13 - 14岁）的心理健康状况作为结果。所有学生都完成了两个完美主义量表，即儿童青少年完美主义量表（CAPS）和弗罗斯特多维完美主义量表（FMPS）。心理健康的标准相关变量分别包括焦虑、抑郁、饮食失调问题、自我价值和心理韧性。探索性和验证性因素分析得出了完美主义的四因素表示。使用潜在类别分析提取了五种完美主义概况，它们与标准变量相关。三种概况是低或高完美主义得分模式的明确指标。两种概况显示出高低分混合的情况，而一种代表心理健康亚组。普通学校中约十分之四的青少年符合两种最具破坏性的完美主义概况，而精英学校中这一比例为十分之二。本文讨论了这些结果与国际研究结果的一致性，以及针对预防完美主义潜在负面影响的早期干预措施的相关性。需要进行纵向研究来探索概况轨迹以及可能的健康后果。
