Richardson Cele E, Magson Natasha R, Fardouly Jasmine, Oar Ella L, Johnco Carly J, Freeman Justin, Rapee Ronald M
School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Macquarie University Lifespan Health and Wellbeing Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
School of Psychological Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Macquarie University Lifespan Health and Wellbeing Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Sleep Med. 2024 Dec;124:289-298. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.09.036. Epub 2024 Sep 29.
Perfectionism is a possible risk factor for insomnia, yet longitudinal evidence of this relationship in adolescence is lacking. Cross-sectional evidence suggests the nature of the relationship may differ based on biological sex, and the form of perfectionism, since socially prescribed and self-oriented critical perfectionism are conceptualised as maladaptive for wellbeing, while self-oriented striving may be adaptive or neutral. This study aimed to investigate longitudinal bidirectional relationships between total perfectionism, and sub-forms of perfectionism (i.e., socially prescribed, self-oriented critical, self-oriented striving perfectionism), and symptoms of insomnia, over the course of mid-adolescence. Longitudinal models were examined for males and females separately.
434 adolescents (M = 14.25, SD = 0.56, range = 13-16, 52 % male) completed questionnaire measures of perfectionism (Child-Adolescent Perfectionism Scale) and insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index) on three annual occasions (at approximately 14, 15 & 16 years of age). Data were from the larger Risks to Adolescent Wellbeing (RAW) Project.
Biological sex did not moderate the association between insomnia symptoms and any form of perfectionism. Cross-lagged panel models showed no longitudinal relationship between self-oriented striving, nor self-oriented critical perfectionism and insomnia symptoms for males or females. Higher total perfectionism predicted moderate increases in insomnia symptoms for males and females, but insomnia symptoms did not predict changes in total perfectionism. Socially prescribed perfectionism and insomnia symptoms predicted large and moderate increases in one another over time, respectively, forming a perpetuating cycle.
Results suggest that perfectionism may be an important risk factor for insomnia symptoms in adolescents.
完美主义是失眠的一个潜在风险因素，但青春期阶段这种关系的纵向证据尚缺。横断面研究证据表明，由于社会期望型完美主义和自我导向批判性完美主义被认为对幸福感具有不良影响，而自我导向追求型完美主义可能具有适应性或中性，因此这种关系的性质可能因生理性别和完美主义形式的不同而有所差异。本研究旨在调查在青春期中期，整体完美主义、完美主义的子类型（即社会期望型、自我导向批判性、自我导向追求型完美主义）与失眠症状之间的纵向双向关系。分别对男性和女性的纵向模型进行了检验。
434名青少年（M = 14.25，标准差 = 0.56，年龄范围 = 13 - 16岁，52%为男性）在三个年度时间点（约14、15和16岁）完成了完美主义（儿童青少年完美主义量表）和失眠（失眠严重程度指数）的问卷调查。数据来自规模更大的青少年幸福风险（RAW）项目。
生理性别并未调节失眠症状与任何形式完美主义之间的关联。交叉滞后面板模型显示，对于男性或女性，自我导向追求型完美主义、自我导向批判性完美主义与失眠症状之间均无纵向关系。较高的整体完美主义预示着男性和女性的失眠症状会适度增加，但失眠症状并未预示整体完美主义的变化。社会期望型完美主义和失眠症状随着时间的推移分别预示着彼此的大幅和适度增加，形成了一个持续循环。
结果表明，完美主义可能是青少年失眠症状的一个重要风险因素。
