环状RNA及其在外泌体中的作用。

Han Zeping, Chen Huafang, Guo Zhonghui, Shen Jian, Luo Wenfeng, Xie Fangmei, Wan Yu, Wang Shengbo, Li Jianhao, He Jinhua

Central Laboratory, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China.

Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China.

Front Oncol. 2022 Apr 28;12:848341. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.848341. eCollection 2022.

As a novel class of endogenous non-coding RNAs discovered in recent years, circular RNAs (circRNAs) are highly conserved and stable covalently closed ring structures with no 5'-end cap or 3'-end poly(A) tail. CircRNAs are formed by reverse splicing, mainly by means of a noose structure or intron complementary pairing. Exosomes are tiny discoid vesicles with a diameter of 40-100 nm that are secreted by cells under physiological and pathological conditions. Exosomes play an important role in cell-cell communication by carrying DNA, microRNAs, mRNAs, proteins and circRNAs. In this review, we summarize the biological functions of circRNAs and exosomes, and further reveal the potential roles of exosomal circRNAs in different diseases, providing a scientific basis for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of a wide variety of diseases.

作为近年来发现的一类新型内源性非编码RNA，环状RNA（circRNAs）是高度保守且稳定的共价闭合环状结构，没有5'-端帽或3'-端聚（A）尾。circRNAs通过反向剪接形成，主要借助套索结构或内含子互补配对。外泌体是直径为40-100nm的微小盘状囊泡，在生理和病理条件下由细胞分泌。外泌体通过携带DNA、微小RNA、信使RNA、蛋白质和circRNAs在细胞间通讯中发挥重要作用。在本综述中，我们总结了circRNAs和外泌体的生物学功能，并进一步揭示了外泌体circRNAs在不同疾病中的潜在作用，为多种疾病的诊断、治疗和预后提供科学依据。