Ural State Medical University.
E.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University.
Klin Lab Diagn. 2022 Apr 17;67(4):207-212. doi: 10.51620/0869-2084-2022-67-4-207-212.
The article discusses the clinical value of determining the lactoferrin protein in oral fluid - one of the representatives of the saliva proteome. The review is based on the analysis of modern literature, including systematic reviews, the results of multicenter prospective studies, review and original articles by leading experts in this field, presented in the databases PubMed, Scopus, CyberLeninka. The problems of the preanalytical stage, methods for determining lactoferrin are highlighted and information about its content in mixed saliva according to various authors is provided. Special attention is paid to the clinical and diagnostic value of the level of salivary lactoferrin in Alzheimer's disease. According to most authors, the diagnostic sensitivity of this parameter ranges from 87 to 100%. Some mechanisms of the relationship between this protein and the central nervous system (CNS) are shown. In conclusion, it is concluded that salivary lactoferrin can be an "indicator" of the formation of amyloid plaques and can be considered as one of the reliable biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease. This opinion is based both on fundamental ideas about the global relationship between innate immunity and the central nervous system, and on clinical data. The special advantage of this laboratory test is its non-invasiveness, which makes it more preferable in comparison with the determination of amyloid and tau proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood.
本文讨论了在口腔液中测定乳铁蛋白的临床价值 - 唾液蛋白质组学的代表之一。该综述基于对现代文献的分析，包括系统评价、多中心前瞻性研究的结果、该领域权威专家的综述和原始文章，这些文献均来自 PubMed、Scopus、CyberLeninka 数据库。本文强调了分析前阶段的问题和乳铁蛋白的测定方法，并根据不同作者提供了混合唾液中乳铁蛋白含量的信息。特别关注唾液乳铁蛋白在阿尔茨海默病中的临床和诊断价值。根据大多数作者的研究，该参数的诊断灵敏度范围为 87%至 100%。本文还展示了该蛋白与中枢神经系统（CNS）之间关系的一些机制。总之，结论认为唾液乳铁蛋白可以作为淀粉样斑块形成的“指标”，并可以被认为是阿尔茨海默病的可靠生物标志物之一。这一观点不仅基于先天免疫与中枢神经系统之间的整体关系的基本思想，还基于临床数据。与脑脊液和血液中淀粉样蛋白和tau 蛋白的测定相比，这种实验室检测的特殊优势在于其非侵入性。
