Institute for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Klinik Favoriten, Wiener Gesundheitsverbund, Vienna, Austria -
Karl Landsteiner Institute for Remobilization and Functional Health, Vienna, Austria -
Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2022 Aug;58(4):646-654. doi: 10.23736/S1973-9087.22.06436-X. Epub 2022 May 16.
Resistance training and protein supplementation are recommended strategies to combat sarcopenia.
Quantification of muscle thickness (MT) by musculoskeletal ultrasound is a promising method to follow changes in skeletal muscles. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of six months of resistance training with or without nutritional supplementation on MT of M. quadriceps in institutionalized old adults.
This is a prospective, randomized, multi-arm parallel and controlled intervention study.
This study was conducted in five different retirement care facilities.
Institutionalized individuals (mean age 82.6±6.2 years) were randomly assigned to an elastic band resistance training (N.=41), training with nutritional supplementation (N.=36) or control group (N.=40).
Health status and handgrip strength were investigated at baseline. MT of all parts of M. quadriceps of the left leg was assessed using musculoskeletal ultrasound at baseline and after six months. Linear regression models adjusted for age, BMI and sex were calculated to investigate the influence of baseline characteristics on MT. Multivariable regression analyses were performed for investigation of study intervention on MT. Follow-up examinations were performed after 12 and 18 months.
Handgrip strength of both hands was significantly correlated with MT of M. vastus lateralis. Moreover, the sum of regularly taken medication was significantly correlated to MT of all parts of quadriceps. Six months of training or nutritional supplementation was not able to alter MT. However, participants with lower baseline MT values or a higher number of diseases and medications at baseline showed significant higher increases in MT after intervention.
Resistance training using elastic bands with or without nutritional supplementation did not alter MT of M. quadriceps of old institutionalized individuals. However, baseline values and health status had a significant influence on the training effect.
As old individuals are very heterogenic according to their health and muscle status; further studies might focus on individualizing training regimes with particular emphasize on accompanied diseases and medications of this population.
抗阻训练和蛋白质补充被推荐用于对抗肌肉减少症。
骨骼肌超声测量肌肉厚度（MT）是一种很有前途的监测骨骼肌变化的方法。本研究的目的是调查抗阻训练 6 个月，无论是否补充营养，对机构老年人股四头肌 MT 的影响。
这是一项前瞻性、随机、多臂平行对照干预研究。
本研究在五个不同的退休护理机构进行。
机构老年人（平均年龄 82.6±6.2 岁）被随机分配到弹性带抗阻训练组（N.=41）、训练加营养补充组（N.=36）或对照组（N.=40）。
健康状况和握力在基线时进行评估。使用骨骼肌超声在基线和 6 个月时评估左下肢股四头肌各部位的 MT。使用线性回归模型，根据年龄、BMI 和性别进行调整，以调查 MT 与基线特征的关系。进行多变量回归分析，以研究干预对 MT 的影响。随访检查在 12 个月和 18 个月时进行。
双手握力与股外侧肌 MT 显著相关。此外，定期服用的药物总数与股四头肌各部位的 MT 显著相关。6 个月的训练或营养补充并不能改变 MT。然而，基线 MT 值较低或基线疾病和药物较多的参与者，干预后 MT 增加幅度显著较高。
使用弹性带进行抗阻训练，无论是否补充营养，都不能改变机构老年人股四头肌的 MT。然而，基线值和健康状况对训练效果有显著影响。
由于老年人的健康和肌肉状况非常多样化；因此，进一步的研究可能侧重于为这一人群个体化训练方案，特别强调伴随的疾病和药物。
