Yang Yong, Pan Neng, Luo Jiedan, Liu Yufei, Ossowski Zbigniew
School of Sports Training, Chengdu Sports University, Chengdu 641418, China.
Department of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland.
Nutrients. 2025 Jul 17;17(14):2342. doi: 10.3390/nu17142342.
Sarcopenia significantly affects the health and quality of life in older adults. Exercise combined with nutritional interventions is widely recognized as an effective strategy for improving sarcopenia outcomes. However, current studies rarely focus on differential effects across subpopulations with distinct demographic and health characteristics. This study aimed to explore the effects of combined exercise and nutrition interventions on sarcopenia-related outcomes, considering the variations in population characteristics. A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, the Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, covering the literature published between January 2010 and March 2025. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating combined exercise and nutritional interventions for sarcopenia were included. The primary outcomes were handgrip strength (HS), the skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), gait speed (GS), and the five-times sit-to-stand test (5STS). The mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Random-effects models were used for the meta-analysis and subgroup comparisons. Fifteen RCTs involving 1258 participants in the intervention group and 1233 in the control group were included. Exercise combined with nutritional interventions significantly improved sarcopenia-related outcomes. HS improved with a pooled MD of 1.77 kg (95% CI: 0.51 to 3.03, = 0.006); SMI increased by 0.22 kg/m (95% CI: 0.09 to 0.35, = 0.0007); GS improved by 0.09 m/s (95% CI: 0.04 to 0.14, = 0.0002); and 5STS performance improved with a time reduction of -1.38 s (95% CI: -2.47 to -0.28, = 0.01). Subgroup analyses indicated that the intervention effects varied according to age, BMI, and living environment. Exercise combined with nutrition is effective in improving key outcomes associated with sarcopenia in older adults. The magnitude of these effects differed across population subgroups, underscoring the importance of tailoring interventions to specific demographic and health profiles.
肌肉减少症显著影响老年人的健康和生活质量。运动与营养干预相结合被广泛认为是改善肌肉减少症预后的有效策略。然而，目前的研究很少关注具有不同人口统计学和健康特征的亚人群的差异效应。本研究旨在探讨运动与营养联合干预对肌肉减少症相关预后的影响，并考虑人群特征的差异。在PubMed、Embase、科学网和考克兰图书馆进行了系统检索，涵盖2010年1月至2025年3月发表的文献。仅纳入评估运动与营养联合干预对肌肉减少症影响的随机对照试验（RCT）。主要结局指标为握力（HS）、骨骼肌质量指数（SMI）、步速（GS）和五次坐立试验（5STS）。计算95%置信区间（CI）的平均差值（MD）。采用随机效应模型进行荟萃分析和亚组比较。纳入了15项RCT，干预组1258名参与者，对照组1233名参与者。运动与营养干预相结合显著改善了肌肉减少症相关结局。握力改善，合并MD为1.77 kg（95%CI：0.51至3.03，P = 0.006）；骨骼肌质量指数增加0.22 kg/m²（95%CI：0.09至0.35，P = 0.0007）；步速提高0.09 m/s（95%CI：0.04至0.14，P = 0.0002）；五次坐立试验表现改善，时间减少-1.38 s（95%CI：-2.47至-0.28，P = 0.01）。亚组分析表明，干预效果因年龄、体重指数和生活环境而异。运动与营养相结合可有效改善老年人肌肉减少症的关键结局。这些效应的大小在不同人群亚组中有所不同，强调了根据特定人口统计学和健康状况调整干预措施的重要性。
