Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
J Virol. 2022 Jun 8;96(11):e0010922. doi: 10.1128/jvi.00109-22. Epub 2022 May 16.
Anelloviruses (AVs) are commensal members of the human blood virome. Even though it was estimated that over 90% of the human population carries AVs, the dynamics of the AV virome ("anellome") are unknown. We investigated the dynamics of blood anellomes in two healthy people followed up for more than 30 years. Both subjects were positive for AVs in the majority of samples. (torque teno virus [TTV]) was the most common genus in both subjects, followed by (torque teno minivirus [TTMV]) and (torque teno midivirus [TTMDV]). Almost five times more lineages were found in subject 1 than in subject 2, and the anellomes differed phylogenetically. Both anellomes remained compositionally stable, and 9 out of 64 AV lineages were detected in over half of the time points. We confirmed the long-term and short-term persistence of 13 lineages by specific quantitative PCR (qPCR). AV lineages were detected in blood for over 30 years. Noticeable differences in anellome richness were found between the tested subjects, but both anellomes remained compositionally stable over time. These findings demonstrate that the human blood anellome is personal and that AV infection is chronic and potentially commensal. Knowledge of the persistence of AVs in humans is crucial to our understanding of the nature of AV infection (chronic or acute) and the role of AV in the host. We therefore investigated the dynamics of anellovirus infection in two healthy people followed up for 30 years. Our findings suggest that the human blood anellovirus virome (anellome) remains stable and personal for decades.
圆环病毒(AVs)是人类血液病毒组的共生成员。尽管估计超过 90%的人口携带 AVs,但 AV 病毒组(“圆环组”)的动态变化尚不清楚。我们对两名健康人进行了超过 30 年的随访,以研究血液圆环组的动态变化。这两名受试者在大多数样本中均为 AVs 阳性。(torque teno 病毒[TTV])是两名受试者中最常见的属,其次是(torque teno minivirus[TTMV])和(torque teno midivirus[TTMDV])。在受试者 1 中发现的谱系几乎比受试者 2 多 5 倍,而且圆环组在系统发育上也存在差异。两个圆环组在组成上都保持稳定,在超过一半的时间点检测到 9 个/64 个 AV 谱系。我们通过特定的定量 PCR(qPCR)证实了 13 个谱系的长期和短期持续性。AV 谱系在血液中存在超过 30 年。在测试的受试者之间发现了圆环组丰富度的明显差异,但两个圆环组在随时间推移时在组成上保持稳定。这些发现表明,人类血液圆环组具有个体特征,并且 AV 感染是慢性的,可能是共生的。了解 AV 在人类中的持久性对于我们理解 AV 感染的性质(慢性或急性)以及 AV 在宿主中的作用至关重要。因此,我们在两名健康人进行了超过 30 年的随访,以研究圆环病毒感染的动态变化。我们的研究结果表明,人类血液圆环病毒病毒组(圆环组)在几十年内保持稳定和个体特征。