Lab de Patologia de Invertebrados (LPI), Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública (IPTSP), Univ Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE), Univ Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Neotrop Entomol. 2022 Jun;51(3):474-482. doi: 10.1007/s13744-022-00963-w. Epub 2022 May 16.
Musca domestica L. is a cosmopolitan nuisance of high sanitary importance. Entomopathogenic fungi are innovative and attractive tools for integrated control of the housefly to overcome insufficient levels of control caused by increasing resistance of this pest against chemical insecticides. High virulence of a fungal strain is a prerequisite to develop a mycoinsecticide, and the present study investigated the potential of hypocrealean fungi from the genera Beauveria, Clonostachys, Cordyceps, Akanthomyces, Metarhizium, and Tolypocladium, isolated from mosquitoes in Central Brazil against M. domestica. The highest mortalities (larvae, pupae, and adults) were caused by Metarhizium humberi IP 478 (98%) and IP 421 (90%), Metarhizium anisopliae IP 432 (85%), Beauveria bassiana IP 433 (82%), and Tolypocladium cylindrosporum IP 425 (68%) after a 23-day exposure of initially pre-pupating third instar larvae to conidia mixed with vermiculite. Lethal concentrations to kill 90% of adults of IP 433 and IP 478 were 5 × 10 and 10 conidia g substrate, respectively. Fifty percent of adults were killed within 4 to 5 days of exposure initially as pupae close to emergence to substrate treated with conidia of IP 478 or IP 433 at 1.1 × 10 conidia g, respectively. The other fungal strains tested were less virulent. The results demonstrate high potentials for conidial preparations in vermiculite of IP 433 and IP 478 as candidates for the biological control of both pre-pupating larvae, pupae, and emerging adults of houseflies.
家蝇是一种具有世界性且卫生意义重大的害虫。昆虫病原真菌是综合防治家蝇的创新且有吸引力的工具，可以克服这种害虫对化学杀虫剂的抗性不断增加而导致的控制不足的问题。真菌菌株的高毒力是开发真菌杀虫剂的前提，本研究调查了从巴西中部蚊子中分离出的拟青霉属（Beauveria）、层出孔菌属（Clonostachys）、虫草属（Cordyceps）、棘孢木霉属（Akanthomyces）、绿僵菌属（Metarhizium）和弯颈霉属（Tolypocladium）的蕈类真菌对家蝇的潜在影响。在将最初处于预蛹期的三龄幼虫暴露于与蛭石混合的孢子 23 天后，导致死亡率最高（幼虫、蛹和成虫）的菌株为绿僵菌 IP 478（98%）和 IP 421（90%）、球孢白僵菌 IP 432（85%）、球孢白僵菌 IP 433（82%）和弯颈霉属 IP 425（68%）。IP 433 和 IP 478 杀死 90%成虫的致死浓度分别为 5×10 和 10 个孢子 g 基质。最初处于接近化蛹期的 50%成虫在暴露于 IP 478 或 IP 433 孢子处理的基质后 4 至 5 天内死亡，孢子浓度分别为 1.1×10 个孢子 g 和 1.1×10 个孢子 g。其他测试的真菌菌株的毒力较低。结果表明，IP 433 和 IP 478 的含孢制剂在蛭石中具有较高的潜力，可作为防治家蝇预蛹幼虫、蛹和成虫的生物防治候选物。
