Ocsovszky Zsófia, Otohal József, Berényi Blanka, Juhász Vencel, Skoda Réka, Bokor Laura, Dohy Zsófia, Szabó Liliána, Nagy György, Becker Dávid, Merkely Béla, Vágó Hajnalka
1 Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
2 Institute of Psychology, Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church, Budapest, Hungary.
Physiol Int. 2022 May 16. doi: 10.1556/2060.2022.00030.
The effects of COVID-19, especially long-COVID, on the psychological health is incompletely understood. We aimed to evaluate the mid-term associations of the long-COVID symptoms and affective factors in a cohort of non-hospitalized patients.
A total of 166 patients were enrolled in this study, including 119 sedentary/non-athlete and 47 athlete subjects at the Post-COVID Outpatient Clinic of Semmelweis University. Clinical data regarding acute and long-term symptoms were obtained and detailed laboratory testing was carried out. Demographic data and psychological tests were collected.
We found a positive association between the level of depressive symptoms and anxiety and long-COVID symptom count, while life satisfaction and social support correlated negatively with the long-COVID symptom count. Higher haemoglobin levels and lower LDL-cholesterol were also shown to be moderating factors. A regression model showed that symptoms during acute infection, depression, age, and life satisfaction are predictors of the long-COVID symptom count. The presence of pre-existing affective or anxiety problems was also associated with higher reported long-COVID symptom count. Furthermore, we found significant association between pre-existing mental health problems and the investigated psychological constructs.
It appears that long COVID-19 is associated with acute symptoms and mental factors. Depression and anxiety have been shown to have a negative effect on symptom perception, and also contribute to a higher number of symptoms in a non-hospitalized sample. Our study suggests bi-directional interconnection between clinical and psychological factors.
新冠病毒病（COVID-19），尤其是新冠后综合征对心理健康的影响尚未完全明了。我们旨在评估一组非住院患者中新冠后综合征症状与情感因素的中期关联。
本研究共纳入166例患者，包括塞梅尔维斯大学新冠后门诊诊所的119例久坐不动/非运动员和47例运动员受试者。获取了有关急性和长期症状的临床数据，并进行了详细的实验室检测。收集了人口统计学数据和心理测试结果。
我们发现抑郁症状和焦虑水平与新冠后综合征症状数量呈正相关，而生活满意度和社会支持与新冠后综合征症状数量呈负相关。较高的血红蛋白水平和较低的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇也被证明是调节因素。回归模型显示，急性感染期间的症状、抑郁、年龄和生活满意度是新冠后综合征症状数量的预测因素。既往存在情感或焦虑问题也与报告的较高新冠后综合征症状数量相关。此外，我们发现既往心理健康问题与所研究的心理构念之间存在显著关联。
看来新冠后综合征与急性症状和心理因素有关。抑郁和焦虑已被证明对症状感知有负面影响，并且在非住院样本中也导致更多症状。我们的研究表明临床因素和心理因素之间存在双向联系。
