State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100039, China.
Plant Commun. 2022 May 9;3(3):100329. doi: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100329. Epub 2022 Apr 20.
Resistant starch (RS), a healthy dietary fiber, is a particular type of starch that has attracted much research attention in recent years. RS has important roles in reducing glycemic index, postprandial blood glucose levels, and serum cholesterol levels, thereby improving and preventing many diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. The formation of RS is influenced by intrinsic properties of starch (e.g., starch granule structure, starch crystal structure, and amylose-to-amylopectin ratio) and non-starch components (e.g., proteins, lipids, and sugars), as well as storage and processing conditions. Recent studies have revealed that several starch-synthesis-related genes (SSRGs) are crucial for the formation of RS during seed development. Several transcription factors and mRNA splicing factors have been shown to affect the expression or splicing of SSRGs that regulate RS content, suggesting their potential roles in RS formation. This review focuses mainly on recent research progress on the genetic regulation of RS content and discusses the emerging genetic and molecular mechanisms of RS formation in rice.
抗性淀粉（RS）是一种健康的膳食纤维，是一种特殊类型的淀粉，近年来引起了广泛的研究关注。RS 在降低血糖指数、餐后血糖水平和血清胆固醇水平方面具有重要作用，从而改善和预防许多疾病，如糖尿病、肥胖和心血管疾病。RS 的形成受淀粉的内在特性（如淀粉颗粒结构、淀粉晶体结构和直链淀粉与支链淀粉的比例）和非淀粉成分（如蛋白质、脂质和糖）以及储存和加工条件的影响。最近的研究表明，在种子发育过程中，几个与淀粉合成相关的基因（SSRGs）对 RS 的形成至关重要。一些转录因子和 mRNA 剪接因子已被证明可以影响调节 RS 含量的 SSRGs 的表达或剪接，这表明它们在 RS 形成中具有潜在作用。本文主要综述了 RS 含量的遗传调控的最新研究进展，并讨论了水稻中 RS 形成的新兴遗传和分子机制。
