From the Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2022 May 1;58(3):141-145. doi: 10.5326/JAAHA-MS-7151.
A 2 mo old domestic shorthair kitten was presented for acute respiratory distress and severe ambulatory difficulties. Thoracic radiography revealed hyperinflation of the left cranial lung lobe and a mass with soft-tissue/gas opacity in the caudal mediastinum, leading to the suspicion of congenital lung lobe emphysema and hiatal hernia. Decreased bone radiopacity and suspected pathological fractures were also present. Complete clinicopathological analyses showed significant ionized hypocalcemia and suspicion of secondary hyperparathyroidism related to an inadequate diet. Lung lobectomy and reduction of the hiatal hernia following a median sternotomy and a cranial laparotomy were performed. IV and oral supplementation of calcium led to a full recovery and improvement in the kitten's walking. A histopathological analysis revealed pulmonary emphysema associated with hypoplastic and irregular bronchial cartilage. Congenital lobar emphysema is a rare disease in both humans and animals. This is the first veterinary report describing a kitten affected by congenital lobar emphysema combined with a hiatal hernia and additionally complicated by secondary nutritional hyperparathyroidism with a good long-term outcome.
一只 2 个月大的家养短毛猫因急性呼吸窘迫和严重的步行困难而就诊。胸部放射摄影显示左颅肺叶过度充气和后纵隔软组织/气体密度肿块，提示先天性肺叶肺气肿和膈疝。还存在骨放射性密度降低和疑似病理性骨折。完整的临床病理分析显示严重的离子低钙血症和疑似与饮食不足相关的继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症。通过正中胸骨切开术和颅腹切开术进行肺叶切除术和膈疝复位。静脉和口服补钙导致小猫完全康复，行走能力改善。组织病理学分析显示肺气肿伴支气管软骨发育不良和不规则。先天性肺叶肺气肿在人和动物中都很少见。这是第一份描述患有先天性肺叶肺气肿合并膈疝的小猫的兽医报告，此外还伴有继发性营养性甲状旁腺功能亢进症，具有良好的长期预后。
