Department of Psychiatry, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, NIMH, Bethesda, Md. (Pan, Westwater, Grillon, Ernst); Mathematics and Statistics Institute, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil (Sato); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U 1299 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie," Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Paillère Martinot, Martinot, Artiges); AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère Martinot); Department of Psychiatry, EPS Barthélemy Durand, Etampes, France (Artiges); Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland (Penttilä); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Grimmer, Banaschewski); MSB Medical School Berlin, Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Berlin (van Noort); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany (Becker); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London (Desrivières, Poustka); Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, and Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Papadopoulos Orfanos); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Center for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), ISTBI, Fudan University Shanghai, and Charité Mental Health, Berlin (Schumann); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K. (Westwater); Department of Education, ICT, and Learning, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway (Cogo-Moreira); Division of Psychiatry, University College London, and National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens (Stringaris).
Am J Psychiatry. 2022 Jul;179(7):470-481. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20081180. Epub 2022 May 18.
Research in adolescent depression has found aberrant intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) among the ventral striatum (VS) and several brain regions implicated in reward processing. The present study probes this question by taking advantage of the availability of data from a large youth cohort, the IMAGEN Consortium.
iFC data from 303 adolescents (48% of them female) were used to examine associations of VS connectivity at baseline (at age 14) with depressive disorders at baseline and at 2-year (N=250) and 4-year (N=219) follow-ups. Eleven regions of interest, key nodes of the reward system, were used to probe the reward network and calculate the connectivity strength of the VS within this network (VS connectivity). The main analyses assessed associations of VS connectivity with depressive disorders, anhedonia, and low mood using logistic regression. Autoregressive models accounting for carryover effects over time were conducted to further evaluate these brain-behavior associations.
Higher right VS connectivity was associated with higher probability of depressive disorders at baseline (odds ratio=2.65, 95% CI=1.40, 5.05). This finding was confirmed in the autoregressive model, adjusting for carryover effects of the depressive disorders across the three time points. VS connectivity was not predictive of depressive disorders at follow-up assessments. Longitudinal associations between VS connectivity and anhedonia emerged in the structural equation model: left VS connectivity was associated with anhedonia at 2 years (odds ratio=2.20, 95% CI=1.54, 3.14), and right VS connectivity was linked to anhedonia at 4 years (odds ratio=1.87, 95% CI=1.09, 3.21). VS connectivity did not predict low mood at any time point in the structural equation model.
The connectivity strength of the VS within the reward network showed distinct patterns of association with depressive disorders and anhedonia from mid to late adolescence, suggesting that the role of this circuitry in depression changes with age. This study replicates, in an independent sample, the association between the VS and depression previously reported in younger adolescents. The findings suggest a role of VS connectivity in anhedonia but not in low mood.
青少年抑郁症的研究发现，腹侧纹状体（VS）与几个涉及奖励处理的大脑区域之间存在异常的内在功能连接（iFC）。本研究利用 IMAGEN 联盟提供的大量青少年队列数据，探讨了这一问题。
使用 303 名青少年（其中 48%为女性）的 iFC 数据，在基线（14 岁）时，用 VS 连接性来检测与基线时以及 2 年（N=250）和 4 年（N=219）随访时的抑郁障碍之间的关联。使用 11 个感兴趣的区域，即奖励系统的关键节点，来探测奖励网络，并计算该网络内 VS 的连接强度（VS 连接）。主要分析使用逻辑回归评估 VS 连接与抑郁障碍、快感缺失和情绪低落之间的关联。进行自回归模型以进一步评估这些大脑-行为关联，该模型考虑了随时间推移的滞后效应。
右侧 VS 连接性越高，基线时患抑郁障碍的概率越高（优势比=2.65，95%置信区间=1.40，5.05）。在自回归模型中，考虑了三个时间点上抑郁障碍的滞后效应，该发现得到了验证。VS 连接性与随访时的抑郁障碍无关。在结构方程模型中，VS 连接与快感缺失之间出现了纵向关联：左侧 VS 连接与 2 年时的快感缺失有关（优势比=2.20，95%置信区间=1.54，3.14），右侧 VS 连接与 4 年时的快感缺失有关（优势比=1.87，95%置信区间=1.09，3.21）。在结构方程模型中，VS 连接性在任何时间点都不能预测情绪低落。
奖励网络中 VS 的连接强度与从中期到后期青少年的抑郁障碍和快感缺失存在不同的关联模式，表明该回路在抑郁中的作用随年龄而变化。本研究在独立样本中复制了先前在年轻青少年中报道的 VS 与抑郁之间的关联。研究结果表明，VS 连接性在快感缺失中起作用，但在情绪低落中不起作用。
