Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, USA.
J Affect Disord. 2024 Nov 15;365:205-212. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.028. Epub 2024 Aug 10.
Depression is a significant public health concern. Identifying biopsychosocial risk factors for depression is important for developing targeted prevention. Studies have demonstrated that blunted striatal activation during reward processing is a risk factor for depression; however, few have prospectively examined whether adolescent reward-related resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) predicts depression symptoms in adulthood and how this relates to known risk factors (e.g., childhood trauma).
At baseline, 66 adolescents (mean age = 14.7, SD = 1.4, 68 % female) underwent rsFC magnetic resonance imaging and completed the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). At follow-up (mean time between adolescent scan and adult follow-up = 10.1 years, SD = 1.6, mean adult age = 24.8 years, SD = 1.7), participants completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and Beck Depression Inventory- Second Edition (BDI-2). Average rsFC was calculated between nodes in mesocorticolimbic reward circuitry: ventral striatum (VS), rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC), medial orbitofrontal cortex, and ventral tegmental area. Linear regressions assessed associations between rsFC, BDI-2, and CTQ, controlling for adolescent CDI, sex assigned at birth, and scan age (Bonferroni corrected).
Greater childhood trauma was associated with higher adulthood depression symptoms. Stronger VS-rACC rsFC during adolescence was associated with greater depression symptoms in adulthood and greater childhood trauma.
The small sample size, limited depression severity, and seed-based approach are limitations.
The associations between adolescent striatal-cingulate rsFC and childhood trauma and adult depression symptoms suggest this connectivity may be an early neurobiological risk factor for depression and that early life experience plays an important role. Increased VS-rACC connectivity may represent an over-regulatory response on the striatum, commonly reported in depression, and warrants further investigation.
抑郁症是一个严重的公共卫生问题。确定抑郁症的生物心理社会风险因素对于制定有针对性的预防措施很重要。研究表明，在奖励处理过程中纹状体激活减弱是抑郁症的一个风险因素；然而，很少有前瞻性研究表明青少年时期与奖励相关的静息态功能连接（rsFC）是否能预测成年后的抑郁症状，以及这与已知的风险因素（例如，童年创伤）有何关系。
在基线时，66 名青少年（平均年龄 14.7 岁，标准差 1.4 岁，68%为女性）接受了 rsFC 磁共振成像检查，并完成了儿童抑郁量表（CDI）。在随访时（青少年扫描和成人随访之间的平均时间为 10.1 年，标准差为 1.6 年，平均成人年龄为 24.8 岁，标准差为 1.7 岁），参与者完成了童年创伤问卷（CTQ）和贝克抑郁量表第二版（BDI-2）。在中脑边缘奖励回路中计算节点之间的平均 rsFC：腹侧纹状体（VS）、前扣带皮层的额部（rACC）、内侧眶额皮质和腹侧被盖区。线性回归评估了 rsFC 与 BDI-2 和 CTQ 之间的相关性，同时控制了青少年 CDI、出生时分配的性别和扫描年龄（Bonferroni 校正）。
童年创伤越大，成年后抑郁症状越严重。青少年时期 VS-rACC 的 rsFC 越强，成年后抑郁症状越严重，童年创伤越大。
样本量小、抑郁严重程度有限和基于种子的方法是限制因素。
青少年纹状体-扣带 rsFC 与童年创伤和成年抑郁症状之间的关联表明，这种连接可能是抑郁的早期神经生物学风险因素，并且生命早期经历起着重要作用。增加的 VS-rACC 连接可能代表纹状体的过度调节反应，这在抑郁症中经常被报道，需要进一步研究。
