Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Medical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Breast Cancer. 2022 Sep;29(5):778-789. doi: 10.1007/s12282-022-01369-7. Epub 2022 May 18.
A large body of research studying the relationship between tobacco and cancer has led to the knowledge that smoking cigarettes adversely affects cancer treatment while contributing to the development of various tobacco-related cancers. Nicotine is the main addictive component of tobacco smoke and promotes angiogenesis, proliferation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) while promoting growth and metastasis of tumors. Nicotine generally acts through the induction of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), although the contribution of other receptor subunits has also been reported. Nicotine contributes to the pathogenesis of a wide range of cancers including breast cancer through its carcinogens such as (4-methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN). Current study aims to review the mechanistic function of nicotine in the initiation, development, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and apoptosis of breast cancer with the main focus on nicotine acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and nAChR-mediated signaling pathways as well as on its potential for the development of an effective treatment against breast cancer. Moreover, we will try to demonstrate how nicotine leads to poor treatment response in breast cancer by enhancing the population, proliferation, and self-renewal of cancer stem cells (CSCs) through the activation of α7-nAChR receptors.
大量研究烟草与癌症之间关系的研究表明，吸烟会对癌症治疗产生不利影响，同时导致各种与烟草相关的癌症的发生。尼古丁是烟草烟雾中的主要成瘾成分，它促进血管生成、增殖和上皮-间充质转化（EMT），同时促进肿瘤的生长和转移。尼古丁通常通过诱导烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体（nAChRs）起作用，尽管其他受体亚基的贡献也有报道。尼古丁通过其致癌物质，如（4-甲基亚硝氨基）-1-（3-吡啶基）-1-丁酮（NNK）和 N-亚硝基降烟碱（NNN），促进包括乳腺癌在内的多种癌症的发病机制。本研究旨在综述尼古丁在乳腺癌的发生、发展、血管生成、侵袭、转移和凋亡中的作用机制，主要集中在尼古丁乙酰胆碱受体（nAChRs）和 nAChR 介导的信号通路，以及其在开发针对乳腺癌的有效治疗方法方面的潜力。此外，我们将尝试通过激活α7-nAChR 受体来证明尼古丁如何通过增强癌症干细胞（CSCs）的群体、增殖和自我更新来导致乳腺癌治疗效果不佳。
