伊朗 COVID-19 疫苗接种的不良反应。
Adverse effects following COVID-19 vaccination in Iran.
机构信息
Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Department of Community and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Hemmat Highway, P.O Box: 14665-354, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran.
Mazandaran University of medical Science, Sari, Iran, Mazandaran University of medical Science, Sari, Iran, Mazandaran, Sari, Iran.
出版信息
BMC Infect Dis. 2022 May 18;22(1):476. doi: 10.1186/s12879-022-07411-5.
BACKGROUND
Vaccination is a key intervention to prevent COVID-19. Many vaccines are administered globally, yet there is not much evidence regarding their safety and adverse effects. Iran also faces this challenge, especially as data regarding the Sputnik V vaccine is sparse. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the adverse effects of the most commonly used vaccines in Iran.
METHODS
Using a retrospective cohort study design, 6600 subjects aged 18 years or older who had received two doses of any of the three COVID-19 vaccines (Sinopharm, AstraZeneca, and Sputnik V) were selected using a random sampling method between March and August 2021. Subjects were asked about any adverse effects of the vaccines by trained interviewers via telephone interview. Vaccine-related adverse effects in individuals during the first 72 h and subsequently following both doses of the vaccines were determined. The demographic variables, type of administered vaccine, adverse effects, and history of the previous infection with COVID-19 were collected. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and analytical statistics (Chi-squared and Wilcoxon tests) were performed at a 95% significance level using STATA software version 15 (STATA Corp, College Station, TX, USA).
RESULTS
From 6600 participants, 4775 responded (response rate = 72.3%). Of the participants, 1460 (30.6%) received the AstraZeneca vaccine, 1564 (32.8%) received the Sinopharm vaccine and 1751 (36.7%) received the Sputnik V vaccine. 2653 participants (55.56%) reported adverse effects after the first dose and 1704 (35.7%) after the second dose. Sputnik V caused the most adverse effects with 1449 (82.7%) vaccine recipients reporting symptoms after the first or second dose, compared with 1030 (70.5%) for AstraZeneca and only 585 (37.4%) for the Sinopharm vaccine. The most common adverse effects after the first dose were fatigue (28.37%), chill/fever (26.86%), and skeletal pain (22.38%). These three adverse effects were the same for the second dose, although their prevalence was lower.
CONCLUSIONS
In this study, we demonstrate that the Sputnik V vaccine has the highest rate of adverse effects, followed by the AstraZeneca and Sinopharm vaccines. COVID-19 vaccines used in Iran are safe and there were no reports of serious adverse effects.
背景
接种疫苗是预防 COVID-19 的关键干预措施。许多疫苗在全球范围内使用，但关于它们的安全性和不良反应的证据并不多。伊朗也面临着这一挑战，尤其是关于 Sputnik V 疫苗的数据很少。因此，本研究的目的是确定伊朗最常用疫苗的不良反应。
方法
采用回顾性队列研究设计，2021 年 3 月至 8 月期间，采用随机抽样法从年龄在 18 岁及以上、接种过两剂任何三种 COVID-19 疫苗（国药、阿斯利康和 Sputnik V）的 6600 名受试者中选取 6600 名受试者。通过电话访谈，由经过培训的访谈员询问受试者疫苗的任何不良反应。确定疫苗接种后 72 小时内和接种后两剂疫苗后个体的疫苗相关不良反应。收集人口统计学变量、接种疫苗类型、不良反应和以前感染 COVID-19 的病史。使用 STATA 软件版本 15（STATA 公司，德克萨斯州立大学学院站）在 95%置信水平下进行描述性统计（均值、标准差）和分析性统计（卡方和 Wilcoxon 检验）。
结果
在 6600 名参与者中，有 4775 名（应答率为 72.3%）作出了回应。在参与者中，1460 名（30.6%）接种了阿斯利康疫苗，1564 名（32.8%）接种了国药疫苗，1751 名（36.7%）接种了 Sputnik V 疫苗。2653 名参与者（55.56%）在第一剂后报告了不良反应，1704 名（35.7%）在第二剂后报告了不良反应。Sputnik V 引起的不良反应最多，1449 名（82.7%）疫苗接种者在第一或第二剂后出现症状，阿斯利康为 1030 名（70.5%），国药仅为 585 名（37.4%）。第一剂后最常见的不良反应是疲劳（28.37%）、寒战/发热（26.86%）和骨骼疼痛（22.38%）。这三种不良反应在第二剂后也是相同的，尽管它们的发生率较低。
结论
在这项研究中，我们证明了 Sputnik V 疫苗的不良反应发生率最高，其次是阿斯利康和国药疫苗。伊朗使用的 COVID-19 疫苗是安全的，没有报告严重不良反应。
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