Abdollahi Amirsaleh, Naseh Iman, Kalroozi Fatemeh, Kazemi-Galougahi Mohammad Hassan, Nezamzadeh Maryam, Qorbanzadeh Aida, Ameri Reza, Taghavi Hooman, Zoshk Mojtaba Yousefi
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Oman Med J. 2023 Mar 31;38(2):e486. doi: 10.5001/omj.2023.69. eCollection 2023 Mar.
This study aimed to compare four COVID-19 vaccines for their potential extensive side effects and the relationship between the side effects and age, body mass index (BMI), and history of COVID-19 infection.
This cross-sectional study was conducted from June to August 2021 among 1474 healthcare workers of seven selected hospitals in Tehran, Iran. All the subjects were vaccinated (91.7% received two doses and 8.3% received one dose) with one of four vaccines, Sputnik, Covaxin, AstraZeneca, and Sinopharm, at least 10 days before the study. The incidence of 47 side effects was measured after vaccination.
Over half of the participants (59.4%; n = 876) were 20-29 years of age, with the mean and average BMI being 26.1±9.0 and 23.5±3.4, respectively; 36.0% (n = 530) were previously diagnosed with COVID-19. There was no significant relationship between age and the incidence of side effects for AstraZeneca, Sputnik, and Covaxin; however, the occurrence of side effects of Sinopharm was significantly higher ( < 0.001) among younger healthcare workers. There was no significant relationship between BMI and the incidence of side effects for all four vaccines. However, in the group with a history of COVID-19 disease, health care workers vaccinated with the Sinopharm vaccine showed significantly ( < 0.001) more complications. The occurrence rate of at least one adverse effect and referral to medical centers for AstraZeneca, Sputnik, Covaxin, and Sinopharm vaccines were 24.9-93.9%, 18.2-86.0%, 14.8-77.0%, and 3.5-37.2%, respectively. The highest and lowest rates were found for AstraZeneca and Sinopharm showing a significant ( < 0.001) difference. The most commonly observed side effects for the AstraZeneca vaccine included fever (64.4%), fatigue (62.5%), and muscle pain (59.9%); for Sputnik muscle pain (59.8%), fever (49.5%), and fatigue (49.5%); for Covaxin fever (49.2%), topical reaction (41.0), and fatigue (34.4%); and for Sinopharm fever (18.7%), topical reaction (17.9%), and fatigue (16.6%). Inactivated virus vaccines (Sinopharm and Covaxin) showed a lower (39.7%) occurrence rate of side effects compared to viral vector vaccines (AstraZeneca and Sputnik; 90.6%). The most likely time for the vaccines to exert side effects was the first 24 hours after vaccination.
We found no significant relationship between age, BMI, history of COVID-19 disease, and the incidence of side effects in healthcare workers vaccinated with any of the four vaccines. All four vaccines are safe and have controlled side effects.
本研究旨在比较四种新冠疫苗的潜在广泛副作用，以及副作用与年龄、体重指数（BMI）和新冠病毒感染史之间的关系。
本横断面研究于2021年6月至8月在伊朗德黑兰七家选定医院的1474名医护人员中进行。所有受试者在研究前至少10天接种了四种疫苗之一，即卫星V疫苗、科瓦克辛疫苗、阿斯利康疫苗和国药集团疫苗（91.7%接种两剂，8.3%接种一剂）。接种疫苗后测量47种副作用的发生率。
超过一半的参与者（59.4%；n = 876）年龄在20 - 29岁之间，平均BMI和平均体重分别为26.1±9.0和23.5±3.4；36.0%（n = 530）曾被诊断感染过新冠病毒。阿斯利康、卫星V和科瓦克辛疫苗的年龄与副作用发生率之间无显著关系；然而，国药集团疫苗在年轻医护人员中的副作用发生率显著更高（<0.001）。BMI与所有四种疫苗的副作用发生率之间均无显著关系。然而，在有新冠病毒感染病史的组中，接种国药集团疫苗的医护人员出现的并发症显著更多（<0.001）。阿斯利康、卫星V、科瓦克辛和国药集团疫苗至少出现一种不良反应并转诊至医疗中心的发生率分别为24.9% - 93.9%、18.2% - 86.0%、14.8% - 77.0%和3.5% - 37.2%。阿斯利康和国药集团疫苗的发生率最高和最低，差异显著（<0.001）。阿斯利康疫苗最常观察到的副作用包括发热（64.4%）、疲劳（62.5%）和肌肉疼痛（59.9%）；卫星V疫苗为肌肉疼痛（59.8%）、发热（49.5%）和疲劳（49.5%）；科瓦克辛疫苗为发热（49.2%）、局部反应（41.0%）和疲劳（34.4%）；国药集团疫苗为发热（18.7%）、局部反应（17.9%）和疲劳（16.6%）。与病毒载体疫苗（阿斯利康和卫星V；90.6%）相比，灭活病毒疫苗（国药集团和科瓦克辛）的副作用发生率较低（39.7%）。疫苗产生副作用最可能的时间是接种后的头24小时。
我们发现，在接种这四种疫苗的医护人员中，年龄、BMI、新冠病毒感染史与副作用发生率之间均无显著关系。所有四种疫苗都是安全的，副作用可控。
