School of Health Science and Engineering, National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
Food Funct. 2022 Jun 6;13(11):6233-6243. doi: 10.1039/d2fo00243d.
The demand for plant-based proteins has been rapidly increasing due to sustainability, ethical and health reasons. The present study aimed to investigate the digestion characteristics of three plant proteins (quinoa, barley and mungbean) based on an digestion model and the effect of their simulated gastrointestinal digests on satiety hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) secretion in enteroendocrine STC-1 cells. The nitrogen distribution in the digestion process, the relative molecular weight (MW) of peptides and the amino acid composition in simulated gastrointestinal digests were characterized. Quinoa protein had the highest proportion of soluble nitrogen after gastrointestinal digestion (85.79%), followed by barley protein (74.98%) and mungbean protein (64.14%), suggesting that quinoa protein was more easily digested than barley and mungbean proteins. The peptides but not free amino acids were the main components in the gastrointestinal digests of quinoa, barley, and mungbean proteins. The gastrointestinal digest of quinoa protein had a well balanced amino acid pattern, whereas that of barley protein was lacking Lys, and that of the mungbean protein was short of sulfur amino acids (Phe + Tyr) but rich in Lys. In terms of the ability to stimulate CCK secretion, the gastrointestinal digest of barley protein had a strong stimulatory effect on CCK secretion, while that of quinoa and mungbean proteins had only a weak stimulatory effect. After pretreatment with a specific calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) antagonist NPS 2143, CCK secretion induced by the barley protein digest was greatly suppressed, indicating that CaSR was involved in barley protein digest-induced CCK secretion. These results show that quinoa protein has good nutritional quality, while barley protein is an excellent plant protein source to stimulate CCK secretion and has a potential application as a dietary supplement for obesity management.
由于可持续性、伦理和健康原因，对植物性蛋白质的需求迅速增加。本研究旨在基于消化模型研究三种植物蛋白（藜麦、大麦和绿豆）的消化特性，以及它们的模拟胃肠消化物对肠内分泌 STC-1 细胞饱腹激素胆囊收缩素（CCK）分泌的影响。研究了消化过程中氮的分布、肽的相对分子质量（MW）和模拟胃肠消化物中的氨基酸组成。胃肠消化后，藜麦蛋白具有最高比例的可溶性氮（85.79%），其次是大麦蛋白（74.98%）和绿豆蛋白（64.14%），这表明藜麦蛋白比大麦和绿豆蛋白更容易消化。肽而不是游离氨基酸是藜麦、大麦和绿豆蛋白胃肠消化物的主要成分。藜麦蛋白的胃肠消化物具有平衡的氨基酸模式，而大麦蛋白的胃肠消化物缺乏赖氨酸，绿豆蛋白的胃肠消化物缺乏含硫氨基酸（苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸）但富含赖氨酸。就刺激 CCK 分泌的能力而言，大麦蛋白的胃肠消化物对 CCK 分泌有很强的刺激作用，而藜麦和绿豆蛋白的胃肠消化物只有微弱的刺激作用。用特异性钙敏感受体（CaSR）拮抗剂 NPS 2143 预处理后，大麦蛋白消化物诱导的 CCK 分泌被大大抑制，表明 CaSR 参与了大麦蛋白消化物诱导的 CCK 分泌。这些结果表明，藜麦蛋白具有良好的营养价值，而大麦蛋白是一种极好的植物蛋白来源，可刺激 CCK 分泌，有望作为肥胖症管理的膳食补充剂。
