Department of Psychology, University of Toronto.
Department of Psychology, York University.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2023 Jan;124(1):49-68. doi: 10.1037/pspa0000313. Epub 2022 May 19.
A large literature on nonverbal behavior demonstrates that information from body cues can inform our impressions of others. This work, however, has largely focused on perceptions of White targets. The current experiments extend this research by investigating the impact of body poses on trait attributions, professional evaluations, and interpersonal relations for both White and Black targets. In four studies, participants were presented with images of White and Black targets with expansive and constrictive poses. Not surprisingly, Experiment 1 revealed that expansive relative to constrictive poses increased perceptions of dominance for targets of both races. Furthermore, for White and Black targets, perceptions of dominance from expansive poses were mediated by greater attributions of competence. For Black but not White targets, however, perceptions of dominance from expansive poses were mediated by greater attributions of aggression. Three additional experiments examined the influence of poses on evaluations in professional and interpersonal contexts. Experiment 2 indicated that expansive compared to constrictive poses led to greater expectations of professional success for White than Black targets. Experiments 3 and 4 demonstrated that expansive compared to constrictive poses led to a greater willingness to interact in an interpersonal setting with White but not Black targets. Attributions of aggression related to expansive poses by Black targets reduced the likelihood that they were chosen as interaction partners. The implications of these findings for understanding body perception and race relations are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
大量关于非言语行为的文献表明，来自身体线索的信息可以影响我们对他人的印象。然而，这项工作主要集中在对白人目标的感知上。当前的实验通过研究身体姿势对白人目标和黑人目标的特质归因、专业评价和人际关系的影响，扩展了这一研究。在四项研究中，参与者观看了具有扩张和收缩姿势的白人目标和黑人目标的图像。不出所料，实验 1 表明，与收缩姿势相比，扩张姿势增加了对两种种族目标的支配感。此外，对于白人目标和黑人目标，扩张姿势产生的支配感通过更多的能力归因来介导。然而，对于黑人目标而不是白人目标，扩张姿势产生的支配感通过更多的攻击性归因来介导。另外三项实验研究了姿势对专业和人际关系背景下评价的影响。实验 2 表明，与收缩姿势相比，扩张姿势导致白人目标比黑人目标更期望在专业上取得成功。实验 3 和实验 4 表明，与收缩姿势相比，扩张姿势导致人们更愿意在人际关系环境中与白人目标互动，而不是与黑人目标互动。黑人目标的扩张姿势归因于攻击性，降低了他们被选为互动伙伴的可能性。这些发现对理解身体感知和种族关系的意义将在讨论中进行探讨。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2022 APA，保留所有权利）。
