Department of Psychology, Columbia University.
Department of Psychology, Rhodes College.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2023 Jan;124(1):22-48. doi: 10.1037/pspa0000314. Epub 2022 May 19.
Little is known about implicit evaluations of complex, multiply categorizable social targets. Across five studies ( = 5,204), we investigated implicit evaluations of targets varying in race, gender, social class, and age. Overall, the largest and most consistent evaluative bias was pro-women/anti-men bias, followed by smaller but nonetheless consistent pro-upper-class/anti-lower-class biases. By contrast, we observed less consistent effects of targets' race, no effects of targets' age, and no consistent interactions between target-level categories. An integrative data analysis highlighted a number of moderating factors, but a stable pro-women/anti-men and pro-upper-class/anti-lower-class bias across demographic groups. Overall, these results suggest that implicit biases compound across multiple categories asymmetrically, with a dominant category (here, gender) largely driving evaluations, and ancillary categories (here, social class and race) exerting relatively smaller additional effects. We discuss potential implications of this work for understanding how implicit biases operate in real-world social settings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
对于复杂的、可多重分类的社会目标的内隐评价，人们知之甚少。在五项研究中（= 5204），我们调查了在种族、性别、社会阶层和年龄方面存在差异的目标的内隐评价。总的来说，最大且最一致的评价偏差是支持女性/反对男性的偏见，其次是规模较小但仍然一致的支持上层阶级/反对下层阶级的偏见。相比之下，我们观察到目标种族的影响不太一致，目标年龄没有影响，目标类别之间也没有一致的相互作用。综合数据分析突出了一些调节因素，但在不同的人群中，仍存在稳定的支持女性/反对男性和支持上层阶级/反对下层阶级的偏见。总的来说，这些结果表明，内隐偏见在多个类别中不对称地积累，主要类别（这里是性别）在很大程度上决定了评价，辅助类别（这里是社会阶层和种族）则施加相对较小的额外影响。我们讨论了这项工作对于理解内隐偏见在现实社会环境中如何运作的潜在影响。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2022 APA，保留所有权利）。
