Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
J Eukaryot Microbiol. 2022 Nov;69(6):e12923. doi: 10.1111/jeu.12923. Epub 2022 Jun 4.
The simplest class of mitochondrion-related organelles (MROs) is the mitosome, an organelle present in a few anaerobic protozoan parasites such as Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis, and Cryptosporidium parvum. E. histolytica causes amoebiasis in humans, deemed as one of the important, yet neglected tropical infections in the world. Much of the enigma of the E. histolytica mitosome circles around the obvious lack of a majority of known mitochondrial components and functions exhibited in other organisms. The identification of enzymes responsible for sulfate activation (AS, IPP, and APSK) and a number of lineage-specific proteins such as the outer membrane beta-barrel protein (MBOMP30), and transmembrane domain-containing proteins that bind to various organellar proteins (ETMP1, ETMP30, EHI_170120, and EHI_099350) showcased the remarkable divergence of this organelle compared to the other MROs of anaerobic protozoa. Here, we summarize the findings regarding the biology of the mitosomes in E. histolytica, from their discovery up to the present understanding of its roles and interactions. We also include current advances and future perspectives on the biology, biochemistry, and evolution of the mitosomes of E. histolytica.
最简单的一类与线粒体相关的细胞器 (MRO) 是线粒体体，存在于少数几种厌氧原生动物寄生虫中，如溶组织内阿米巴、肠道贾第虫和微小隐孢子虫。溶组织内阿米巴引起人类阿米巴病，被认为是世界上重要但被忽视的热带传染病之一。溶组织内阿米巴线粒体体的大部分谜团都围绕着明显缺乏大多数已知的线粒体成分和功能展开，而这些成分和功能在其他生物体中都有体现。鉴定负责硫酸盐激活的酶（AS、IPP 和 APSK）以及一些谱系特异性蛋白，如外膜β桶蛋白 (MBOMP30) 和与各种细胞器蛋白结合的跨膜域蛋白（ETMP1、ETMP30、EHI_170120 和 EHI_099350），展示了与其他厌氧原生动物的 MRO 相比，这个细胞器的显著差异。在这里，我们总结了溶组织内阿米巴中线粒体体生物学的研究发现，从其发现到目前对其作用和相互作用的理解。我们还包括关于溶组织内阿米巴线粒体体的生物学、生物化学和进化的当前进展和未来展望。
