Kent G, Gibbons R
J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 1987 Mar;18(1):33-40. doi: 10.1016/0005-7916(87)90069-3.
This study was designed to explore the possibility that Bandura's notion of self-efficacy can be applied to control over cognitions as well as behavior. Subjects were asked to complete questionnaires designed to measure their dental anxiety, the number of their negative self-statements about a dental appointment and their perceived ability to control these thoughts. Subjects with low anxiety claimed to experience fewer negative thoughts than those with moderate or high anxiety, and also to have more control over these thoughts. Subjects believed that the extent of their control would decline as the appointment approached in time, but least for the low anxiety group and most for the high anxiety group. Finally, differences in self-efficacy scores between anxiety groups were maintained when the number of negative thoughts was controlled for, but differences in negative thinking between anxiety levels were not maintained when self-efficacy was controlled for. These results suggest that anxiety is more closely related to thinking processes than content.
本研究旨在探讨班杜拉的自我效能概念是否可应用于认知控制以及行为控制。受试者被要求完成问卷，这些问卷旨在测量他们的牙科焦虑、对牙科预约的负面自我陈述数量以及他们感知到的控制这些想法的能力。低焦虑的受试者声称，与中度或高焦虑的受试者相比，他们经历的负面想法更少，并且对这些想法有更多的控制。受试者认为，随着预约时间临近，他们的控制程度会下降，但低焦虑组下降最少，高焦虑组下降最多。最后，当控制负面想法数量时，焦虑组之间的自我效能得分差异依然存在，但当控制自我效能时，焦虑水平之间的负面思维差异不再存在。这些结果表明，焦虑与思维过程的关系比与思维内容的关系更为密切。
