Institut Agro, INRAE, SAS, 35000 Rennes, France.
Institut Agro, INRAE, SAS, 35000 Rennes, France.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Sep 10;838(Pt 1):156022. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156022. Epub 2022 May 17.
Biodiversity-based cropping systems are an interesting option to address the many challenges that agriculture faces. However, benefits of these systems should not obscure the fact that creating biodiversity-based cropping systems represents a major change for farmers. To address this challenge, we argue that designing biodiversity-based cropping systems requires transforming ecological concepts into technical opportunities. Indeed, integrating ecological concepts such as plant-soil feedback and plant functional traits more strongly into cropping system design offers promising opportunities for the provision of ecosystem services, such as pest and disease control, crop production (including crop yield stability), climate regulation and regulation of soil quality. Accordingly, we demonstrate that designing biodiversity-based cropping systems requires considering not only the short term but also the long term. This would ensure that the expected ecosystem services have enough time to build up and provide their full effects, that the cropping systems are resilient and that they avoid the limitations of short-term assessments, which do not sufficiently consider multi-year effects. Considering long-term consequences of system change - induced by biodiversity - is essential to identify potential trade-offs between ecosystem services, as well as agricultural obstacles to and mechanisms of change. Including farmers and other food-chain actors in cropping system design would help find acceptable compromises that consider not only the provision of ecosystem services, but also other dimensions related to economic viability, workload or the technical feasibility of crops, which are identified as major obstacles to crop diversification. This strategy represents an exciting research front for the development of agroecological cropping systems.
基于生物多样性的种植系统是应对农业面临的诸多挑战的一个有趣选择。然而，这些系统的好处不应掩盖这样一个事实，即创建基于生物多样性的种植系统代表了农民的重大变革。为了解决这一挑战，我们认为，设计基于生物多样性的种植系统需要将生态概念转化为技术机会。事实上，将植物-土壤反馈和植物功能特性等生态概念更紧密地纳入种植系统设计，为提供生态系统服务提供了有希望的机会，例如病虫害控制、作物生产（包括作物产量稳定性）、气候调节和土壤质量调节。因此，我们证明，设计基于生物多样性的种植系统不仅需要考虑短期，还需要考虑长期。这将确保预期的生态系统服务有足够的时间建立并发挥其全部作用，确保种植系统具有弹性，并避免短期评估的局限性，短期评估不能充分考虑多年的影响。考虑生物多样性引起的系统变化的长期后果，对于识别生态系统服务之间的潜在权衡以及农业变革的障碍和机制至关重要。让农民和其他食物链参与者参与种植系统设计将有助于找到可以接受的妥协，不仅要考虑生态系统服务的提供，还要考虑与经济可行性、工作量或作物技术可行性相关的其他方面，这些方面被认为是作物多样化的主要障碍。这一策略代表了发展农业生态种植系统的一个令人兴奋的研究前沿。
