Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GIS, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, 530045, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Department of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health (ICMR-NIRRCH), Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012, Maharashtra, India.
Microb Pathog. 2022 Jul;168:105587. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105587. Epub 2022 May 16.
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cause of mortality worldwide. Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses (hrHPV) is a known significant risk factor in cervical neoplasia development (CN). Though HPV contributes to carcinogenesis, other factors provide an ideal niche for persistence of HPV, especially, coinfection with Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) which has been linked to CN development. CT infection is associated with inflammation, cell proliferation, EMT transition and anti-apoptotic processes. To better understand the correlation between HPV-CT coinfection and CN development, a literature review was conducted on the prevalence of HPV-CT coinfection focusing on the role of infection-induced inflammation as HPV-CT coinfection creates an environment for cellular transformation, activates an innate immune response and triggers EMT transition. Moreover, inflammation plays a crucial role in developing neoplasia as there is a decrease in effector cells and a change in the levels of players like ROS and miRs. CT infection induces chronic inflammation followed by cervical epithelial cell damage and increases susceptibility to HPV infection which may lead to cellular transformation. The literature search was performed based on a comprehensive investigation of publications in the PubMed journal database and Scopus, on the development of CN. We have reviewed the prevalence of HPV-CT infection and the factors increasing the risk of developing CN.
宫颈癌是全球第四大常见的死亡原因。持续性感染高危型人乳头瘤病毒（hrHPV）是宫颈癌发展（CN）的已知重要危险因素。尽管 HPV 有助于致癌作用，但其他因素为 HPV 的持续存在提供了理想的环境，特别是与沙眼衣原体（CT）的合并感染，已与 CN 发展有关。CT 感染与炎症、细胞增殖、EMT 转化和抗凋亡过程有关。为了更好地了解 HPV-CT 合并感染与 CN 发展之间的相关性，对 HPV-CT 合并感染的流行情况进行了文献综述，重点关注感染诱导的炎症在 HPV-CT 合并感染中作为细胞转化、激活先天免疫反应和触发 EMT 转化的作用。此外，炎症在肿瘤发生发展中起着至关重要的作用，因为效应细胞减少，ROS 和 miRs 等参与者的水平发生变化。CT 感染会引起慢性炎症，随后导致宫颈上皮细胞损伤，并增加 HPV 感染的易感性，从而可能导致细胞转化。文献检索是基于对 PubMed 期刊数据库和 Scopus 中关于 CN 发展的出版物的全面调查进行的。我们回顾了 HPV-CT 感染的流行情况以及增加 CN 发病风险的因素。
