Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 61265, Brno, Czech Republic.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2022 May 19;79(6):304. doi: 10.1007/s00018-022-04314-1.
The choroid plexus (ChP) is an extensively vascularized tissue that protrudes into the brain ventricular system of all vertebrates. This highly specialized structure, consisting of the polarized epithelial sheet and underlying stroma, serves a spectrum of functions within the central nervous system (CNS), most notably the production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The epithelial cells of the ChP have the competence to tightly modulate the biomolecule composition of CSF, which acts as a milieu functionally connecting ChP with other brain structures. This review aims to eloquently summarize the current knowledge about the development of ChP. We describe the mechanisms that control its early specification from roof plate followed by the formation of proliferative regions-cortical hem and rhombic lips-feeding later development of ChP. Next, we summarized the current knowledge on the maturation of ChP and mechanisms that control its morphological and cellular diversity. Furthermore, we attempted to review the currently available battery of molecular markers and mouse strains available for the research of ChP, and identified some technological shortcomings that must be overcome to accelerate the ChP research field. Overall, the central principle of this review is to highlight ChP as an intriguing and surprisingly poorly known structure that is vital for the development and function of the whole CNS. We believe that our summary will increase the interest in further studies of ChP that aim to describe the molecular and cellular principles guiding the development and function of this tissue.
脉络丛（ChP）是一种广泛血管化的组织，突出于所有脊椎动物的脑室内系统。这个高度特化的结构，由极化的上皮细胞层和下面的基质组成，在中枢神经系统（CNS）中具有多种功能，最显著的是产生脑脊液（CSF）。ChP 的上皮细胞具有严格调节 CSF 中生物分子组成的能力，CSF 作为一种功能环境，将 ChP 与其他脑结构连接起来。这篇综述旨在雄辩地总结 ChP 发育的现有知识。我们描述了控制其从顶板早期特化的机制，随后是增殖区-皮质半球和菱形唇的形成，为 ChP 的后期发育提供营养。接下来，我们总结了 ChP 成熟的现有知识和控制其形态和细胞多样性的机制。此外，我们试图回顾目前用于 ChP 研究的分子标记物和小鼠品系的现有电池，并确定了一些必须克服的技术缺点，以加速 ChP 研究领域的发展。总的来说，这篇综述的核心原则是强调 ChP 作为一个有趣的、出人意料的知之甚少的结构，对整个 CNS 的发育和功能至关重要。我们相信，我们的总结将增加人们对进一步研究 ChP 的兴趣，旨在描述指导该组织发育和功能的分子和细胞原理。
