Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, 1616 Guadalupe, Austin, TX, 78701, USA.
Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School, Washington University, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2022 May 19;19(1):56. doi: 10.1186/s12966-022-01299-9.
Most available evidence on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on child movement behaviors is from cross-sectional studies using self-report measures. This study aimed to identify change trajectories and their associated factors for objectively-assessed physical activity and sedentary time among an ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample of school-age children from Central Texas, U.S.A., during COVID-19.
Pre- (Sept. 2019 - Feb. 2020) and during- (Oct. 2020 - March 2021) COVID-19 physical activity and sedentary behavior data were collected for school-age children (8-11 years) enrolled in the Safe Travel Environment Evaluation in Texas Schools (STREETS) cohort study. Daily time spent in moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time were assessed using GT3X-wBT Actigraph accelerometers. Parent surveys were used to assess socio-ecological factors. Latent class linear mixed models were used to identify change trajectories of MVPA and sedentary time. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between socio-ecological characteristics with physical activity and sedentary time change trajectory groups.
There was a significant decrease in mean daily MVPA (- 9.4 mins, SD = 18.54) and an increase in sedentary behavior (0.83 hrs, SD = 1.18). Two trajectory groups were identified for MVPA ('decrease MPVA' and 'maintain high MVPA'), with the majority (82.1%) being in the 'decrease MVPA' group. Three trajectory groups were identified for sedentary behavior ('moderate increase sedentary, 'steep increase sedentary,' and 'decrease sedentary'), with most children (78.5%) being in the 'moderate increase' group. Girls had significantly lower odds of being in the 'maintain high MVPA' group than boys (OR = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.11, 0.61). Children living in neighborhoods with higher perceived social cohesion had significantly higher odds of being in the 'maintain high MVPA' group (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.06, 1.41), while those in neighborhoods with higher social cohesion had lower odds of being in the 'decrease sedentary' group (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.74, 0.99).
Declines in physical activity and increases in sedentary time among most school-age children during COVID-19 in a socioeconomically and ethnically diverse U.S. sample, were observed in our study, especially among girls. These findings highlight the need to counteract the short-term negative changes in movement behaviors in response to COVID-19 among children.
大多数关于 COVID-19 大流行对儿童运动行为影响的现有证据来自横断面研究，使用自我报告措施。本研究旨在确定美国中德克萨斯州学龄儿童在 COVID-19 期间使用客观评估的身体活动和久坐时间的变化轨迹及其相关因素，该研究样本具有种族和社会经济多样性。
在 COVID-19 之前（2019 年 9 月至 2020 年 2 月）和期间（2020 年 10 月至 2021 年 3 月）收集了参加德克萨斯州学校安全出行环境评估（STREETS）队列研究的学龄儿童（8-11 岁）的身体活动和久坐行为数据。使用 GT3X-wBT Actigraph 加速度计评估每日中等到剧烈强度体力活动（MVPA）和久坐时间。家长调查用于评估社会生态因素。使用潜在类别线性混合模型确定 MVPA 和久坐时间的变化轨迹。使用逻辑回归模型评估社会生态特征与身体活动和久坐时间变化轨迹组之间的关联。
平均每日 MVPA 显著减少（-9.4 分钟，SD=18.54），久坐行为增加（0.83 小时，SD=1.18）。确定了 MVPA 的两个轨迹组（“MVPA 减少”和“保持高 MVPA”），其中大多数（82.1%）处于“MVPA 减少”组。确定了三个久坐行为轨迹组（“中度增加久坐”、“急剧增加久坐”和“减少久坐”），大多数儿童（78.5%）处于“中度增加”组。与男孩相比，女孩处于“保持高 MVPA”组的可能性显著降低（OR=0.27，95%CI=0.11，0.61）。生活在感知社会凝聚力较高的社区的儿童，保持高 MVPA 组的可能性显著更高（OR=1.22，95%CI=1.06，1.41），而社会凝聚力较高的社区儿童处于“减少久坐”组的可能性较低（OR=0.86，95%CI=0.74，0.99）。
在我们的研究中，美国一个具有社会经济和种族多样性的样本中，大多数学龄儿童在 COVID-19 期间的身体活动减少和久坐时间增加，尤其是女孩。这些发现强调需要针对 COVID-19 期间儿童运动行为的短期负面变化做出反应。
