Belekou Antigoni, Papageorgiou Charalabos, Karavasilis Efstratios, Tsaltas Eleftheria, Kelekis Nikolaos, Klein Christoph, Smyrnis Nikolaos
Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Sensorimotor Control, University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute "COSTAS STEFANIS", Athens, Greece.
First Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Front Psychol. 2022 May 2;13:850491. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.850491. eCollection 2022.
Paradoxes are a special form of reasoning leading to absurd inferences in contrast to logical reasoning that is used to reach valid conclusions. A functional MRI (fMRI) study was conducted to investigate the neural substrates of paradoxical and deductive reasoning. Twenty-four healthy participants were scanned using fMRI, while they engaged in reasoning tasks based on arguments, which were either Zeno's like paradoxes (paradoxical reasoning) or Aristotelian arguments (deductive reasoning). Clusters of significant activation for paradoxical reasoning were located in bilateral inferior frontal and middle temporal gyrus. Clusters of significant activation for deductive reasoning were located in bilateral superior and inferior parietal lobe, precuneus, and inferior frontal gyrus. These results confirmed that different brain activation patterns are engaged for paradoxical vs. deductive reasoning providing a basis for future studies on human physiological as well as pathological reasoning.
悖论是一种特殊的推理形式，与用于得出有效结论的逻辑推理相反，它会导致荒谬的推论。进行了一项功能磁共振成像（fMRI）研究，以探究悖论性推理和演绎推理的神经基础。24名健康参与者在进行基于论点的推理任务时接受了fMRI扫描，这些论点要么是类似芝诺的悖论（悖论性推理），要么是亚里士多德式论点（演绎推理）。悖论性推理的显著激活簇位于双侧额下回和颞中回。演绎推理的显著激活簇位于双侧顶叶上下叶、楔前叶和额下回。这些结果证实，悖论性推理和演绎推理涉及不同的大脑激活模式，为未来关于人类生理和病理推理的研究提供了基础。
