Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2022;1368:95-110. doi: 10.1007/978-981-16-8969-7_5.
The host immune system recognizes and responds to the selective antigens or epitopes (immunome) of the intruding pathogen over an entire organism. The immune response so generated is ample to confer the desired immunity and protection to the host. This led to the conception of immunome-derived vaccines that exploit selective genome-derived antigens or epitopes from the pathogen's immunome and not its entire genome or proteome. These are designed to elicit the required immune response and confer protection against future invasions by the same pathogen. Immunoinformatics through its epitope mapping tools allows direct selection of antigens from a pathogen's genome or proteome, which is critical for the generation of an effective vaccine. This paved way for novel vaccine design strategies based on the mapped epitopes for translational applications that includes prophylactic, therapeutic, and personalized vaccines. In this chapter, various Immunoinformatics tools for epitope mapping are presented along with their applications. The methodology for immunoinformatics-assisted vaccine design is also outlined.
宿主免疫系统识别并响应整个生物体中入侵病原体的选择性抗原或表位（免疫组）。由此产生的免疫反应足以赋予宿主所需的免疫力和保护。这导致了免疫组衍生疫苗的概念的产生，该疫苗利用病原体免疫组中的选择性基因组衍生抗原或表位，而不是其整个基因组或蛋白质组。这些疫苗旨在引发所需的免疫反应，并提供针对同一病原体未来入侵的保护。免疫信息学通过其表位映射工具允许直接从病原体的基因组或蛋白质组中选择抗原，这对于生成有效的疫苗至关重要。这为基于映射表位的新型疫苗设计策略铺平了道路，这些策略包括预防性、治疗性和个性化疫苗。在本章中，介绍了各种用于表位映射的免疫信息学工具及其应用。还概述了免疫信息学辅助疫苗设计的方法。
