Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
Cell Chem Biol. 2022 May 19;29(5):730-740. doi: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2022.04.003.
Staphylococcus aureus (SA) is a leading cause of bacterial infection and antibiotic resistance globally. Therefore, development of an effective vaccine has been a major goal of the SA field for the past decades. With the wealth of understanding of pathogenesis, the failure of all SA vaccine trials has been a surprise. We argue that experimental SA vaccines have not worked because vaccines have been studied in naive laboratory animals, whereas clinical vaccine efficacy is tested in immune environments reprogrammed by SA. Here, we review the failed SA vaccines that have seemingly defied all principles of vaccinology. We describe major SA evasion strategies and suggest that they reshape the immune environment in a way that makes vaccines prone to failures. We propose that appropriate integration of concepts of host-pathogen interaction into vaccine study designs could lead to insight critical for the development of an effective SA vaccine.
金黄色葡萄球菌（SA）是全球范围内导致细菌感染和抗生素耐药的主要原因。因此，在过去几十年中，开发有效的疫苗一直是 SA 领域的主要目标。随着对发病机制的深入了解，所有 SA 疫苗试验的失败令人惊讶。我们认为，实验性 SA 疫苗之所以没有效果，是因为疫苗是在天真的实验动物中进行研究的，而临床疫苗的疗效是在由 SA 重新编程的免疫环境中进行测试的。在这里，我们回顾了那些看似违背了所有疫苗学原理的失败的 SA 疫苗。我们描述了主要的 SA 逃避策略，并提出它们以一种使疫苗容易失败的方式重塑了免疫环境。我们建议将宿主-病原体相互作用的概念适当整合到疫苗研究设计中，可以为开发有效的 SA 疫苗提供关键的见解。
