Zhang Tingdan, Park Daeun, Ungar Lyle H, Tsukayama Eli, Luo Liang, Duckworth Angela L
Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment Toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
Department of Psychology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 03063, South Korea.
J Exp Child Psychol. 2022 Sep;221:105450. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2022.105450. Epub 2022 May 18.
In a recent longitudinal study of U.S. adolescents, grit predicted rank-order increases in growth mindset and, to a lesser degree, growth mindset predicted rank-order increases in grit. The current investigation replicated and extended these findings in a younger non-Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (non-WEIRD) population. Two large samples totaling more than 5000 elementary school children in China completed self-report questionnaires assessing grit and growth mindset five times over 2 years. As in Park et al. (2020, Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 198, 1048892020), we found reciprocal relations between grit and growth mindset. Grit systematically predicted rank-order increases in growth mindset at each subsequent 6-month interval. Growth mindset also predicted small rank-order increases in grit over the same period. These findings suggest that, over time, behavior may exert as much an influence on beliefs as the reverse-a dynamic possibly observable as early as in elementary school and not just in WEIRD cultures.
在最近一项针对美国青少年的纵向研究中，坚毅预示着成长型思维模式的排名提升，而在较小程度上，成长型思维模式也预示着坚毅的排名提升。当前的调查在更年轻的非西方、受过教育、工业化、富裕且民主的（非怪异的）人群中重复并扩展了这些发现。在中国，两个总计超过5000名小学生的大样本在两年内五次完成了评估坚毅和成长型思维模式的自我报告问卷。与帕克等人（2020年，《实验儿童心理学杂志》，198卷，104889页，2020年）的研究一样，我们发现了坚毅与成长型思维模式之间的相互关系。在随后的每6个月间隔中，坚毅系统地预示着成长型思维模式的排名提升。在同一时期，成长型思维模式也预示着坚毅的小幅度排名提升。这些发现表明，随着时间的推移，行为对信念的影响可能与信念对行为的影响一样大——这种动态可能早在小学阶段就可以观察到，而且不仅存在于怪异文化中。
