Indirect Effects of Racial Discrimination on Health Outcomes Through Prefrontal Cortical White Matter Integrity.

BACKGROUND

Racial discrimination is consistently associated with adverse health outcomes and has been linked to structural decrements in brain white matter. However, it is unclear whether discrimination-related neuroplastic changes could indirectly affect health outcomes. Our goal was to evaluate indirect associations of racial discrimination on health outcomes through white matter microstructure in a sample of trauma-exposed Black women.

METHODS

A trauma study in an urban hospital setting recruited 79 Black women who received a history and physical examination to assess medical disorders (compiled into a summed total of disorder types). Participants reported on experiences of racial discrimination and underwent diffusion tensor imaging; fractional anisotropy values were extracted from white matter pathways previously linked to racial discrimination (corpus callosum, including the body and genu; anterior cingulum bundle; and superior longitudinal fasciculus) and entered into mediational models.

RESULTS

Indirect effects of racial discrimination on medical disorders through left anterior cingulum bundle fractional anisotropy were significant (β = 0.07, SE = 0.04, 95% CI [0.003, 0.14]) after accounting for trauma and economic disadvantage. Indirect effects of racial discrimination on medical disorders through corpus callosum genu fractional anisotropy were also significant (β = 0.08, SE = 0.04, 95% CI [0.01, 0.16]).

CONCLUSIONS

Racial discrimination may increase risk for medical disorders via neuroplastic effects on microstructural integrity of stress-sensitive prefrontal white matter tracts. Racial discrimination-related changes in these tracts may affect health behaviors, which, in turn, influence vulnerability for medical disorders. These data highlight the connections between racial discrimination, prefrontal white matter connections, and incidence of medical disorders in Black Americans.