Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA.
Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
Exp Physiol. 2022 Oct;107(10):1136-1143. doi: 10.1113/EP090402. Epub 2022 Jun 9.
What is the topic of this review? Whether there are sex differences in exertional heat stroke. What advances does it highlight? This review utilizes a translational model between animal and human research to explore possible physical and physiological differences with respect to risk and treatment of exertional heat stroke.
Exertional heat stroke (EHS) is a potentially fatal condition brought about by a combination of physical activity and heat stress and resulting in central nervous system dysfunction and organ damage. EHS impacts several hundred individuals each year ranging from military personnel, athletes, to occupational workers. Understanding the pathophysiology and risk factors can aid in reducing EHS across the globe. While we know there are differences between sexes in mechanisms of thermoregulation, there is currently not a clear understanding of if or how those differences impact EHS risk. The purpose of this review is to assess the current status of the literature surrounding EHS from risk factors to treatment using both animal and human models. We use a translational approach, considering both animal and human research to elucidate the possible influence of female sex hormones on temperature regulation and performance in the heat and highlight the specific areas with limited research. While more work is necessary to comprehensively understand these differences, the current research presented provides a good framework for future investigations.
这篇综述的主题是什么？运动性热射病是否存在性别差异。它强调了哪些进展？本综述利用动物和人类研究之间的转化模型，探讨了与运动性热射病的风险和治疗相关的可能的身体和生理差异。
运动性热射病（EHS）是一种由体力活动和热应激共同作用引起的潜在致命疾病，导致中枢神经系统功能障碍和器官损伤。每年有数百人受到影响，包括军人、运动员和职业工人。了解病理生理学和危险因素有助于减少全球范围内的 EHS 发生。虽然我们知道在体温调节机制方面存在性别差异，但目前尚不清楚这些差异是否或如何影响 EHS 风险。本综述的目的是评估使用动物和人类模型围绕 EHS 从危险因素到治疗的当前文献状况。我们采用转化方法，同时考虑动物和人类研究，以阐明女性性激素对热环境中体温调节和表现的可能影响，并强调研究有限的具体领域。虽然还需要更多的工作来全面了解这些差异，但目前提出的研究为未来的研究提供了良好的框架。
