Miller S M
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1987 Feb;52(2):345-53. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.52.2.345.
Subjects were divided into information seekers (high monitors)/information avoiders (low monitors) and distractors (high blunters)/nondistractors (low blunters) on the basis of their scores on a self-report scale to measure coping styles, the Miller Behavioral Style Scale (MBSS). In Experiment 1, subjects were faced with a physically aversive event (the prospect of electric shock). High monitors and low blunters chose to seek out information about its nature and onset whereas low monitors and high blunters chose to distract themselves. This effect was strongest with the blunting dimension. High monitoring and low blunting were also accompanied by sustained high anxiety and arousal. In contrast, low monitors and high blunters were able to relax themselves over time. In Experiment 2, subjects worked on a series of tests that presumably predicted success in college. They could attend as often as they wished to a light that signaled how well they were performing. Results showed that coping-style scores accurately predicted informational strategy, particularly with the monitoring dimension: High monitors tended to look at the light whereas low monitors tended to ignore it. Thus the MBSS measure of coping styles appears to be a valid instrument for predicting behavioral strategies in response to both physical and psychological stressors. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
根据测量应对方式的自我报告量表——米勒行为方式量表（MBSS）的得分，将受试者分为信息寻求者（高监控者）/信息回避者（低监控者）以及分心者（高分钝感者）/非分心者（低分钝感者）。在实验1中，受试者面临一个身体上令人厌恶的事件（电击的可能性）。高监控者和低分钝感者选择去寻找有关其性质和开始时间的信息，而低监控者和高分钝感者则选择分散自己的注意力。这种效应在钝感维度上最为明显。高监控和低分钝感还伴随着持续的高焦虑和高唤醒状态。相比之下，低监控者和高分钝感者能够随着时间的推移放松自己。在实验2中，受试者进行了一系列据推测可预测大学学业成功的测试。他们可以根据自己的意愿随时查看一个指示灯，该指示灯会显示他们的表现情况。结果表明，应对方式得分能够准确预测信息策略，尤其是在监控维度上：高监控者倾向于查看指示灯，而低监控者则倾向于忽略它。因此，MBSS应对方式测量似乎是一种有效的工具，可用于预测应对身体和心理应激源时的行为策略。本文讨论了这些发现的理论和实际意义。
