Roozenbeek Jon, Traberg Cecilie S, van der Linden Sander
Department of Psychology, School of the Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, CB2 3EB Cambridge, UK.
R Soc Open Sci. 2022 May 18;9(5):211719. doi: 10.1098/rsos.211719. eCollection 2022 May.
In recent years, numerous psychological interventions have been developed to reduce susceptibility to misinformation. Inoculation theory has become an increasingly common framework for reducing susceptibility to both individual examples of misinformation (issue-based inoculation) and to the techniques and strategies that are commonly used to mislead or misinform people (technique-based inoculation). In this study, we address two open questions related to technique-based inoculation in two separate experiments (total = 2188; convenience sample recruited via the online game platform): (i) can technique-based inoculation effectively reduce susceptibility to real-world misinformation that went viral on social media? and (ii) can technique-based inoculation confer cross-protection against misinformation that does not make use of any of the techniques against which people were inoculated? We find that playing a 15 min game confers psychological resistance against real-world misinformation that makes use of manipulation techniques against which people were inoculated (Cohen's = 0.37, Cohen's = 64.4%, < 0.001), and that cross-protection is achieved but at a reduced effect size ( = 0.10, = 54.0%, = 0.001).
近年来，人们开发了许多心理干预措施来降低对错误信息的易感性。接种理论已成为一个越来越普遍的框架，用于降低对个别错误信息示例（基于问题的接种）以及通常用于误导或误传人们的技术和策略（基于技术的接种）的易感性。在本研究中，我们在两个独立的实验（总计 = 2188；通过在线游戏平台招募的便利样本）中解决了与基于技术的接种相关的两个开放性问题：（i）基于技术的接种能否有效降低对在社交媒体上疯传的现实世界错误信息的易感性？以及（ii）基于技术的接种能否对未使用人们接种时所针对的任何技术的错误信息提供交叉保护？我们发现，玩15分钟游戏可对利用人们接种时所针对的操纵技术的现实世界错误信息产生心理抵抗力（科恩d = 0.37，科恩f² = 64.4%，p < 0.001），并且可以实现交叉保护，但效应量有所降低（d = 0.10，f² = 54.0%，p = 0.001）。
