Li Peiyun, Hu Shan, Zhu Yalun, Sun Taoping, Huang Yue, Xu Zihui, Liu Hongjie, Luo Cheng, Zhou Shiqiong, Tan Aijun, Liu Liegang
Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Front Nutr. 2022 May 6;9:836115. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.836115. eCollection 2022.
Limited studies have explored the difference of fatty acid profile between women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and the results were inconsistent. Individual fatty acids tend to be interrelated because of the shared food sources and metabolic pathways. Thus, whether fatty acid patters during pregnancy were related to GDM odds needs further exploration.
To identify plasma fatty acid patters during pregnancy and their associations with odds of GDM.
A hospital-based case-control study including 217 GDM cases and 217 matched controls was carried out in urban Wuhan, China from August 2012 to April 2015. All the participants were enrolled at the time of GDM screening and provided fasting blood samples with informed consent. We measured plasma concentrations of fatty acids by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and derived potential fatty acid patterns (FAPs) through principal components analysis. Conditional logistic regression and restricted cubic spline model were used to evaluate the associations between individual fatty acids or FAPs and odds of GDM.
Twenty individual fatty acids with relative concentrations ≥0.05% were included in the analyses. Compared with control group, GDM group had significantly higher concentrations of total fatty acids, 24:1n-9, and relatively lower levels of 14:0, 15:0, 17:0, 18:0, 24:0, 16:1n-7, 20:1n-9,18:3n-6, 20:2n-6, 18:3n-3, 20:3n-3, 22:5n-3. Two novel patterns of fatty acids were identified to be associated with lower odds of GDM: (1) relatively higher odd-chain fatty acids, 14:0, 18:0, 18:3n-3, 20:2n-6, 20:3n-6 and lower 24:1n-9 and 18:2n-6 [adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval) (CI) for quartiles 4 vs. 1: 0.42 (0.23-0.76), -trend = 0.002], (2) relatively higher n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, 24:0, 18:3n-6 and lower 16:0 and 20:4n-6 [adjusted OR (95% CI) for quartiles 4 vs. 1: 0.48 (0.26-0.90), -trend = 0.018].
Our findings suggested that two novel FAPs were inversely associated with GDM odds. The combination of circulating fatty acids could be a more significant marker of GDM development than individual fatty acids or their subgroups.
仅有有限的研究探讨了患有和未患有妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）的女性之间脂肪酸谱的差异，且结果并不一致。由于食物来源和代谢途径相同，个体脂肪酸往往相互关联。因此，孕期脂肪酸模式是否与GDM发生几率相关需要进一步探索。
确定孕期血浆脂肪酸模式及其与GDM发生几率的关联。
2012年8月至2015年4月在中国武汉市区开展了一项基于医院的病例对照研究，包括217例GDM病例和217例匹配对照。所有参与者均在GDM筛查时入组，并在知情同意后提供空腹血样。我们采用气相色谱-质谱法测量血浆脂肪酸浓度，并通过主成分分析得出潜在的脂肪酸模式（FAPs）。使用条件逻辑回归和受限立方样条模型评估个体脂肪酸或FAPs与GDM发生几率之间的关联。
分析纳入了相对浓度≥0.05%的20种个体脂肪酸。与对照组相比，GDM组总脂肪酸、24:1n-9的浓度显著更高，而14:0、15:0、17:0、18:0、24:0、16:1n-7、20:1n-9、18:3n-6、20:2n-6、18:3n-3、20:3n-3、22:5n-3的水平相对较低。确定了两种新的脂肪酸模式与较低的GDM发生几率相关：（1）相对较高的奇数链脂肪酸、14:0、18:0、18:3n-3、20:2n-6、20:3n-6以及较低的24:1n-9和18:2n-6[四分位数4与1相比的调整优势比（OR）（95%置信区间）（CI）：0.42（0.23 - 0.76），-趋势 = 0.002]，（2）相对较高的n-3多不饱和脂肪酸、24:0、18:3n-6以及较低的16:0和20:4n-6[四分位数4与1相比的调整OR（95%CI）：0.48（0.26 - 0.90），-趋势 = 0.018]。
我们的研究结果表明，两种新的FAPs与GDM发生几率呈负相关。循环脂肪酸的组合可能比个体脂肪酸或其亚组更能显著地作为GDM发生发展的标志物。
