Qiu Yueming Lucy, Xing Bo, Patwardhan Anand, Hultman Nathan, Zhang Huiming
School of Public Policy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Department of Forecasting, Research & Economic Development, Salt River Project, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.
iScience. 2022 May 4;25(6):104352. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104352. eCollection 2022 Jun 17.
This study provides an empirical assessment of how adopting battery storage units can change the electricity consumption patterns of PV consumers using individual-consumer-level hourly smart meter data in Arizona, United States. We find that on average after adding batteries, PV consumers use more solar electricity to power their houses and send less solar electricity back to the grid. In addition, adding battery storage reduces electricity needed from the grid during system peak hours, helping utilities better flatten the load curves. Most importantly, we find a large degree of heterogeneity in the changes in electricity consumption patterns due to adopting battery storage that are not consistent with engineering or economic principles such as those not maximizing consumers' economic benefits. Such heterogeneous changes imply that utilities and policymakers need to further study the underlying behavioral reasons in order to maximize the social benefits of battery storage and PV co-adoption.
本研究利用美国亚利桑那州个人消费者层面的每小时智能电表数据，对采用电池存储单元如何改变光伏消费者的用电模式进行了实证评估。我们发现，平均而言，添加电池后，光伏消费者使用更多太阳能为房屋供电，并向电网输送更少的太阳能电力。此外，添加电池存储可减少系统高峰时段从电网所需的电力，有助于公用事业公司更好地平滑负荷曲线。最重要的是，我们发现，由于采用电池存储，用电模式的变化存在很大程度的异质性，这与工程或经济原则不一致，例如那些没有使消费者经济效益最大化的原则。这种异质性变化意味着公用事业公司和政策制定者需要进一步研究潜在的行为原因，以便最大化电池存储与光伏共同采用的社会效益。
