Franetovic Gonzalo, Castillo Juan-Carlos
Department of Social and Political Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Department of Sociology, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Front Sociol. 2022 May 4;7:806458. doi: 10.3389/fsoc.2022.806458. eCollection 2022.
In a developing and highly unequal region like Latin America, it is crucial to understand the determinants that affect people's support for redistribution of resources from the state. A series of theories focused on self-interest have continuously established a negative link between people's income and their support for the reduction of inequalities through redistribution. Despite this, the evidence is scarce and sometimes contradictory while its study in Latin America is almost non-existent. Using data from the LAPOP Survey between 2008 and 2018, a longitudinal dimension is considered for the first time in the measurement of Latin American redistributive preferences, using hybrid multilevel regression models. In contrast to the evidence from studies conducted in other regions, the results reveal that in Latin America it is not possible to detect a clear association between income and redistributive preferences at specific times, but it is possible when changes occur in countries' levels of inequality and economic development. Likewise, other elements that consistently affect preferences are evident, such as educational level, political ideology, and confidence in the political system. In light of this evidence, comparisons are made with previous research findings in industrialized countries, challenging rationalist theories of justice and solidarity.
在像拉丁美洲这样一个发展中且高度不平等的地区，理解影响人们支持国家资源再分配的决定因素至关重要。一系列关注自身利益的理论不断在人们的收入与他们对通过再分配减少不平等的支持之间建立起负面联系。尽管如此，相关证据稀少，有时甚至相互矛盾，而在拉丁美洲对其进行的研究几乎不存在。利用2008年至2018年拉丁美洲民意调查项目（LAPOP Survey）的数据，在测量拉丁美洲的再分配偏好时首次考虑了纵向维度，采用了混合多层次回归模型。与其他地区研究得出的证据不同，结果显示，在拉丁美洲，无法在特定时间检测到收入与再分配偏好之间的明确关联，但当国家的不平等水平和经济发展发生变化时则有可能。同样，其他持续影响偏好的因素也很明显，比如教育水平、政治意识形态以及对政治制度的信心。鉴于这一证据，将其与工业化国家先前的研究结果进行了比较，对理性主义的正义与团结理论提出了挑战。
