Formation of ion-translocating oligomers by nigericin.

At pH 4.0, greater than 10(-7) M nigericin was found capable of conducting net charge transfer across bimolecular lecithin membranes, with a stoichiometry of three uncharged ionophore moieties per cation. At neutral or alkaline pH, nigericin catalyzed the transfer of net charge through dimer forms. In agreement with these results, quantitative analysis of nigericin-potassium complexes formed at pH 4.0 showed a 3:1 ratio, and a 2:1 ratio at neutral or alkaline pH. A 1:1 stoichiometry was observed when the ionophore complex was not transferred from methanol-water to chloroform. Moreover, 1H-NMR spectra of nigericin-cation complexes formed at pH 4.0, displayed clear-cut chemical shift variations different to those observed at neutral or alkaline pH. Thus, it is apparent that acid pH causes a transition from dimeric to trimeric forms of nigericin-cation complexes. The membrane conductance increased up to ten times when negatively charged phosphatidyl glycerol was used, while the conductance decreased in positively charged cetylpyridinium containing membranes at pH 4.0. These results suggest that the nigericin-K+ oligomeric complex is positively charged. In this respect, pKa values around 8.0 were obtained for the nigericin carboxylate group in media of different dielectric constant, indicating that this chemical group is undissociated under these conditions. Moreover, the values for the complex formation constants as well as the delta G values calculated for the dimers and trimers indicated that such ionophore cation oligomeric complexes are thermodynamically stable.