青春期脑膜炎球菌疫苗免疫反应的性别差异。
Sex-Related Differences in the Immune Response to Meningococcal Vaccinations During Adolescence.
机构信息
Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands.
出版信息
Front Public Health. 2022 May 6;10:871670. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.871670. eCollection 2022.
BACKGROUND
Immune responses to pediatric vaccinations have been reported to differ according to sex. Such sex-differential responses may become more pronounced during adolescence due to hormonal differences. We investigated whether the vaccine response following primary vaccination against meningococcal serogroup A (MenA), MenW and MenY and booster vaccination against MenC differed between girls and boys using data from two clinical studies.
METHODS
Children aged 10, 12, and 15 years, who had been primed with MenC vaccination between 14 months and 6 years of age, received a booster MenC vaccination or MenACWY vaccination. Polysaccharide-specific IgG concentrations and functional antibody titers [determined with the serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) assay] were measured at baseline, 1 month, 1 year, and 3 years (only MenC group) after vaccination. We calculated geometric mean concentrations and titers (GMC and GMT) ratios for girls vs. boys adjusted for age group. Additionally, we compared the proportion protected individuals between girls and boys at all timepoints.
RESULTS
This study included 342 girls and 327 boys from two clinical trials. While MenAWY antibody levels did not differ consistently 1 month after vaccination, all GMC- and GMT-ratios were in favor of girls 1 year after vaccination [range: 1.31 (1.02-1.70) for MenA IgG to 1.54 (1.10-2.16) for MenW IgG]. Overall, MenC antibody levels were slightly higher in girls at all postvaccination timepoints (GMC- and GMT-ratios: 1.16/1.17 at 1 month, 1.16/1.22 at 1 year and 1.12/1.15 3 years postvaccination). Higher MenC antibody levels were observed in 12- and 15-year-old girls compared to boys of the same age, whereas 10-year-old boys and girls had similar antibody levels. The percentage of participants protected (SBA titer ≥ 8) was very high (95-100%) at all timepoints, and did not differ significantly between boys and girls.
CONCLUSION
Antibody responses were higher in girls than in boys for all serogroups at most timepoints after primary MenAWY vaccination and booster MenC vaccination. The differences in average titers were however small and the percentage participants with protective titers was very high for both sexes.
背景
据报道，儿童对疫苗的免疫反应因性别而异。由于激素的差异，这种性别差异反应在青春期可能会更加明显。我们利用两项临床研究的数据，调查了在接种初级 A 群脑膜炎球菌结合疫苗（MenA）、MenW 和 MenY 以及加强接种 C 群脑膜炎球菌结合疫苗（MenC）后，女孩和男孩之间的疫苗反应是否存在差异。
方法
年龄为 10、12 和 15 岁的儿童，在 14 个月至 6 岁之间接受过 MenC 疫苗接种，接受了 MenC 加强疫苗或 MenACWY 疫苗接种。在接种前、接种后 1 个月、1 年和 3 年（仅 MenC 组）测量多糖特异性 IgG 浓度和功能性抗体滴度（通过血清杀菌抗体（SBA）测定确定）。我们计算了 Girls 与 Boys 的几何平均浓度和滴度（GMC 和 GMT）比值，同时调整了年龄组。此外，我们比较了所有时间点女孩和男孩之间的保护个体比例。
结果
本研究纳入了来自两项临床试验的 342 名女孩和 327 名男孩。接种后 1 个月，MenAWY 抗体水平不一致，但所有 GMC 和 GMT 比值均有利于女孩，接种后 1 年 MenA IgG 为 1.31（1.02-1.70），MenW IgG 为 1.54（1.10-2.16）。总体而言，在所有接种后时间点，女孩的 MenC 抗体水平均略高于男孩（接种后 1 个月时 GMC 和 GMT 比值为 1.16/1.17，接种后 1 年时为 1.16/1.22，接种后 3 年时为 1.12/1.15）。与同龄男孩相比，12 岁和 15 岁女孩的 MenC 抗体水平更高，而 10 岁男孩和女孩的抗体水平相似。在所有时间点，具有保护作用的参与者比例（SBA 滴度≥8）均非常高（95-100%），男孩和女孩之间无显著差异。
结论
在接种初级 MenAWY 疫苗和加强接种 MenC 疫苗后，大多数时间点，女孩的抗体反应均高于男孩，对于所有血清群。然而，平均滴度的差异很小，且对于两性，具有保护性滴度的参与者比例非常高。
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