Blanke Elisabeth S, Schmiedek Florian, Siebert Stefan, Richter David, Brose Annette
Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Department of Developmental Psychology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
Stress Health. 2023 Feb;39(1):59-73. doi: 10.1002/smi.3164. Epub 2022 Jun 11.
Resilience describes successful adaptation in the face of adversity, commonly inferred from trajectories of well-being following major life events. Alternatively, resilience was conceptualised as a psychological trait, facilitating adaptation through stable individual characteristics. Both perspectives may relate to individual differences in how stress is regulated in daily life. In the present study, we combined these perspectives on resilience. Our sample consisted of N = 132 middle-aged adults, who experienced major life events in between two waves of a longitudinal study. We implemented latent change regression models to predict change in affective distress. As predictors, we investigated trait resilience and correlates of resilience in daily life (stressor occurrence, stress reactivity, positive reappraisal, mindful attention, and acceptance), measured using experience sampling (T = 70 occasions). Unexpectedly, trait resilience was not associated with change in distress. In contrast, resilience correlates in daily life, most notably lower stress reactivity, were associated with more favourable change. Higher trait resilience related to higher average mindfulness, higher reappraisal, and lower negative affect. Overall, while trait resilience translated into everyday correlates of resilience, it was not predictive of changes in affective distress. Instead, precursors of changes in well-being may be found in correlates of resilience in daily life.
复原力描述的是在面对逆境时的成功适应，通常从重大生活事件后的幸福轨迹中推断得出。另外，复原力被概念化为一种心理特质，通过稳定的个体特征促进适应。这两种观点都可能与日常生活中压力调节方式的个体差异有关。在本研究中，我们结合了对复原力的这些观点。我们的样本包括N = 132名中年成年人，他们在一项纵向研究的两波调查期间经历了重大生活事件。我们采用潜在变化回归模型来预测情感困扰的变化。作为预测变量，我们研究了特质复原力以及日常生活中复原力的相关因素（应激源发生情况、应激反应性、积极重新评价、正念注意力和接纳），这些通过经验抽样法（T = 70次）进行测量。出乎意料的是，特质复原力与困扰的变化无关。相比之下，日常生活中的复原力相关因素，最显著的是较低的应激反应性，与更有利的变化相关。较高的特质复原力与较高的平均正念、较高的重新评价和较低的消极情绪有关。总体而言，虽然特质复原力转化为了复原力在日常生活中的相关因素，但它并不能预测情感困扰的变化。相反，幸福变化的先兆可能存在于日常生活中复原力的相关因素中。
