School of Sport and Exercise Science, 4589Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
School of Psychology, 4589Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
Percept Mot Skills. 2022 Aug;129(4):1115-1136. doi: 10.1177/00315125221104769. Epub 2022 May 21.
In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of Think Aloud (TA) on performance in trained and untrained participants, using functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy, during incrementally paced cycling. A mixed design was implemented with cycling expertise (10 untrained vs. 9 trained) as the between groups variable and trial stage (5 stages of increasing effort), and condition (silent vs. TA) as within groups independent variables (IVs). Dependent measures were changes in cortical oxygenation (OHb) in 12 areas of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and physiological indicators of percentage heart rate maximum (%HRmax), average power output (APO), peak power output (PPO), rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and blood lactate ([La]b) over time. Trained cyclists had higher APO and significantly higher PPO from stages 2-5, in addition to a greater increase in PPO over the duration of the test (range 168W-480 W vs. 133W-313 W). There were significant main effects of stage on %HRmax, Bla and RPE ( < .001), with effect sizes (ήp) ranging from .31 to .97. On average, HRmax%, [La]b and RPE were significantly lower after stage 2 onwards within the TA trial than the silent trial, even though similar power outputs were obtained. Thus, the TA trial elicited a better pacing strategy. There was no main effect of group on changes in OHb, though OHb did change as a function of stage in four areas of the PFC, and as a function of condition in one area. In this first study to assess the effects of TA on performance during self-paced cycling, TA did not disrupt performance outcomes at low through to high levels of physical exertion for either untrained or trained participants.
在这项研究中，我们旨在使用功能性近红外光谱技术，研究在递增节奏的骑行过程中，出声思维（TA）对有训练和无训练参与者表现的影响。采用混合设计，以骑行专业知识（10 名无训练者与 9 名有训练者）为组间变量，以试验阶段（5 个逐渐增加努力的阶段）和条件（无声与 TA）为组内独立变量（IVs）。因变量是前额皮质（PFC）12 个区域皮质氧合变化（OHb）和生理指标，包括最大心率百分比（%HRmax）、平均功率输出（APO）、峰值功率输出（PPO）、感知用力程度（RPE）和血乳酸（[La]b）随时间的变化。与无训练者相比，有训练者在第 2 到第 5 阶段的 APO 更高，PPO 显著更高，此外，在测试期间的 PPO 增加幅度更大（范围为 168W-480W 与 133W-313W）。阶段对%HRmax、[La]b 和 RPE 有显著的主效应（<0.001），效应大小（ηp）范围从 0.31 到 0.97。平均而言，与无声试验相比，在 TA 试验中，从第 2 阶段开始，HRmax%、[La]b 和 RPE 显著更低，尽管获得了相似的功率输出。因此，TA 试验诱发了更好的配速策略。OHb 没有组间的主要影响，但 OHb 确实会随着 PFC 四个区域的阶段而变化，也会随着一个区域的条件而变化。这是第一项评估 TA 对自我调节节奏骑行过程中表现影响的研究，TA 并未在低至高强度的体力消耗下破坏有训练和无训练参与者的表现结果。
