School of Exercise Science, Sport, and Health, Charles Sturt University, Panorama Avenue, Bathurst, NSW, 2795, Australia.
Pflugers Arch. 2019 Feb;471(2):285-299. doi: 10.1007/s00424-018-2218-9. Epub 2018 Oct 20.
Pacing during exercise performance is well-established; however, little is known about the neural responses associated with changes in power output and the effect of exercise end-point knowledge. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of deception of cycling distance on pacing, cerebral oxy- (OHb) and deoxy-haemoglobin concentrations, and alpha (α) wave activity. Ten well-trained male cyclists (23.7 ± 6.6 years) completed three cycling time trials (TT) on a stationary air-braked cycle ergometer and were informed the study was to examine the reliability of 3 × 30-km TT. Participants unknowingly completed three distances (24, 30, and 36 km) in a randomised order. Performance (power output; PO), physiological (heart rate; HR), perceptual (rating of perceived exertion; RPE), and neurological (OHb, HHb, and α activity) measures were recorded throughout each TT. Data were converted to a percentage relative to the total distance covered. At 100% completion, HR and PO were lower during the 36 km compared to the 30 km trial (P ≤ 0.01). Compared to the 24 km trial, α waves were reduced at 100% (effect size; ES = 1.01), while OHb was greater at 70% of completion in the 36 km trial (ES = 1.39). RPE was also higher for 36 km compared to 30-km trial at 80% and the 24-km trial at 10% and 40-100% of completion (P ≤ 0.02). We conclude that the increase in OHb and RPE during the 36-km trial, while a reduction in HR and PO is present, may indicate that the pre-frontal cortex may influence the regulation of exercise performance when deceived of the duration end-point by increasing perception of effort to reduce premature onset of physiological strain.
运动过程中的起搏是成熟的；然而，对于与功率输出变化相关的神经反应以及运动终点知识的影响知之甚少。因此，本研究的目的是研究欺骗骑行距离对起搏、脑氧（OHb）和脱氧血红蛋白浓度以及α波活动的影响。10 名训练有素的男性自行车运动员（23.7±6.6 岁）在固定空气制动自行车测力计上完成了三次计时赛（TT），并被告知该研究旨在检查 3×30-km TT 的可靠性。参与者在不知情的情况下以随机顺序完成了三个距离（24、30 和 36 公里）。在每次 TT 中，记录了性能（功率输出；PO）、生理（心率；HR）、感知（感知用力程度；RPE）和神经（OHb、HHb 和α活动）测量值。数据转换为相对于总覆盖距离的百分比。在 100%完成时，HR 和 PO 在 36 公里试验中低于 30 公里试验（P≤0.01）。与 24 公里试验相比，在 100%时，α波减少（效应大小；ES=1.01），而在 36 公里试验中，在完成的 70%时，OHb 更大（ES=1.39）。与 30 公里试验相比，在 80%和 24 公里试验在 10%和 40-100%时，RPE 也更高（P≤0.02）。我们得出的结论是，在 36 公里试验中，当欺骗了持续时间终点时，HR 和 PO 降低的同时，OHb 和 RPE 增加，这可能表明，在感知到努力增加以减少过早出现生理压力时，前额叶皮层可能会影响运动表现的调节。
