Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduation in Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Behav Brain Res. 2022 Jul 26;430:113935. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113935. Epub 2022 May 21.
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion leads to neuronal loss in the hippocampus and spatial memory impairments. Physical exercise is known to prevent cognitive deficits in animal models; and there is evidence of sex differences in behavioral neuroprotective approaches. The aim of present study was to investigate the effects of acrobatic training in male and female rats submitted to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Males and females rats underwent 2VO (two-vessel occlusion) surgery and were randomly allocated into 4 groups of males and 4 groups of females, as follows: 2VO acrobatic, 2VO sedentary, Sham acrobatic and Sham sedentary. The acrobatic training started 45 days after surgery and lasted 4 weeks; animals were then submitted to object recognition and water maze testing. Brain samples were collected for histological and morphological assessment and flow cytometry. 2VO causes cognitive impairments and acrobatic training prevented spatial memory deficits assessed in the water maze, mainly for females. Morphological analysis showed that 2VO animals had less NeuN labeling and acrobatic training prevented it. Increased number of GFAP positive cells was observerd in females; moreover, males had more branched astrocytes and acrobatic training prevented the branching after 2VO. Flow cytometry showed higher mitochondrial potential in trained animals and more reactive oxygen species production in males. Acrobatic training promoted neuronal survival and improved mitochondrial function in both sexes, and influenced the glial scar in a sex-dependent manner, associated to greater cognitive benefit to females after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.
慢性脑灌注不足导致海马神经元丢失和空间记忆障碍。运动已被证明可预防动物模型中的认知缺陷；并且有证据表明，行为神经保护方法存在性别差异。本研究旨在探讨杂技训练对慢性脑灌注不足雄性和雌性大鼠的影响。雄性和雌性大鼠接受了 2VO（双血管闭塞）手术，并随机分为 4 组雄性和 4 组雌性，如下所示：2VO 杂技组、2VO 久坐组、假手术杂技组和假手术久坐组。杂技训练在手术后 45 天开始，持续 4 周；然后，动物接受物体识别和水迷宫测试。收集脑组织样本进行组织学和形态评估以及流式细胞术分析。2VO 导致认知障碍，杂技训练可预防水迷宫中的空间记忆缺陷，主要对雌性有效。形态分析表明，2VO 动物的 NeuN 标记减少，而杂技训练可预防其减少。雌性中观察到更多的 GFAP 阳性细胞；此外，雄性中具有更多分支的星形胶质细胞，而杂技训练可预防 2VO 后的分支。流式细胞术显示，经过训练的动物具有更高的线粒体潜能，并且雄性中产生更多的活性氧。杂技训练促进了雄性和雌性的神经元存活和改善了线粒体功能，并以性别依赖的方式影响了神经胶质瘢痕，与慢性脑灌注不足后雌性的认知获益更大有关。
