Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
Vet Anaesth Analg. 2022 Jul;49(4):354-363. doi: 10.1016/j.vaa.2022.03.002. Epub 2022 Mar 15.
To determine the effects of intravenous (IV) premedication with acepromazine, butorphanol or their combination, on the propofol anesthetic induction dosage in dogs.
Prospective, blinded, Latin square design.
A total of three male and three female, healthy Beagle dogs, aged 3.79 ± 0.02 years, weighing 10.6 ± 1.1 kg, mean ± standard deviation.
Each dog was assigned to one of six IV treatments weekly: 0.9% saline (treatment SAL), low-dose acepromazine (0.02 mg kg; treatment LDA), high-dose acepromazine (0.04 mg kg; treatment HDA), low-dose butorphanol (0.2 mg kg; treatment LDB), high-dose butorphanol (0.4 mg kg; treatment HDB); and a combination of acepromazine (0.02 mg kg) with butorphanol (0.2 mg kg; treatment ABC). Physiologic variables and sedation scores were collected at baseline and 10 minutes after premedication. Then propofol was administered at 1 mg kg IV over 15 seconds, followed by boluses (0.5 mg kg over 5 seconds) every 15 seconds until intubation. Propofol dose, physiologic variables, recovery time, recovery score and adverse effects were monitored and recorded. Data were analyzed using mixed-effects anova (p < 0.05).
Propofol dosage was lower in all treatments than in treatment SAL (4.4 ± 0.5 mg kg); the largest decrease was recorded in treatment ABC (1.7 ± 0.3 mg kg). Post induction mean arterial pressures (MAPs) were lower than baseline values of treatments LDA, HDA and ABC. Apnea and hypotension (MAP < 60 mmHg) developed in some dogs in all treatments with the greatest incidence of hypotension in treatment ABC (4/6 dogs).
Although the largest decrease in propofol dosage required for intubation was after IV premedication with acepromazine and butorphanol, hypotension and apnea still occurred.
确定犬静脉（IV）预给药苯噻嗪、丁丙诺啡或其组合对异丙酚麻醉诱导剂量的影响。
前瞻性、双盲、拉丁方设计。
共 3 只雄性和 3 只雌性、健康比格犬，年龄 3.79 ± 0.02 岁，体重 10.6 ± 1.1 kg，平均值 ± 标准差。
每周将每只狗分配到以下 6 种 IV 治疗中的一种：0.9%生理盐水（治疗 SAL）、低剂量苯噻嗪（0.02 mg/kg；治疗 LDA）、高剂量苯噻嗪（0.04 mg/kg；治疗 HDA）、低剂量丁丙诺啡（0.2 mg/kg；治疗 LDB）、高剂量丁丙诺啡（0.4 mg/kg；治疗 HDB）；以及苯噻嗪（0.02 mg/kg）与丁丙诺啡（0.2 mg/kg）的组合（治疗 ABC）。在预给药前和预给药后 10 分钟收集生理变量和镇静评分。然后，以 1 mg/kg IV 速度输注异丙酚 15 秒，随后每 15 秒推注（5 秒内 0.5 mg/kg），直至插管。监测并记录异丙酚剂量、生理变量、恢复时间、恢复评分和不良反应。使用混合效应方差分析（p < 0.05）进行数据分析。
与治疗 SAL 相比，所有治疗组的异丙酚剂量均较低（4.4 ± 0.5 mg/kg）；治疗 ABC 的降幅最大（1.7 ± 0.3 mg/kg）。诱导后平均动脉压（MAP）低于 LDA、HDA 和 ABC 治疗的基础值。在所有治疗中，一些狗出现了呼吸暂停和低血压（MAP < 60 mmHg），其中 ABC 治疗的低血压发生率最高（6 只狗中有 4 只）。
虽然 IV 预给药苯噻嗪和丁丙诺啡后异丙酚的诱导剂量下降最大，但仍会出现低血压和呼吸暂停。
