Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, Prague 6, Ruzyne, Czech Republic.
Sci Rep. 2022 May 23;12(1):8660. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-12711-6.
Oat (Avena sativa L.) is considered to be a healthy food. In contrast to other grain crops, oat is high in protein, lipids, dietary fiber, antioxidants, and uniquely in avenanthramides. The question of whether it can also be consumed by people suffering from celiac disease is still unresolved. The main aim of this study was to extract and sequence genes for potentially harmful avenins, globulins, and α-amylase/trypsin inhibitors in six oat varieties and to establish their variability using PacBio sequencing technology of enriched libraries. The results were compared with sequences of the genes already present in databases. In total, 21 avenin, 75 globulin, and 25 α-amylase/trypsin inhibitor genes were identified and mapped in the hexaploid oat chromosomes. In all of the three gene families, only marginal sequence differences were found between the oat varieties within the individual genes. Avenin epitopes were found in all four types of avenin genes occurring in all oat varieties tested within this study. However, the number of avenin genes was nearly four times lower than of globulin genes and, on the protein level, formed only 10% of storage proteins. Therefore, the question of whether oat is safe to celiac disease people is a question of boundary values.
燕麦（Avena sativa L.）被认为是一种健康食品。与其他谷物作物相比，燕麦富含蛋白质、脂肪、膳食纤维、抗氧化剂，而且还含有独特的燕麦酰胺。燕麦是否也可以被乳糜泻患者食用，这个问题仍未得到解决。本研究的主要目的是提取并测序六种燕麦品种中潜在有害的燕麦醇溶蛋白、球蛋白和α-淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶抑制剂的基因，并利用PacBio 富集文库测序技术对其进行变异分析。结果与数据库中已有的基因序列进行了比较。总共鉴定出 21 个燕麦醇溶蛋白、75 个球蛋白和 25 个α-淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因，并在六倍体燕麦染色体上进行了定位。在这三种基因家族中，在所研究的所有燕麦品种中，个别基因之间的序列差异很小。在本研究中检测到的所有四种类型的燕麦醇溶蛋白基因中都发现了燕麦醇溶蛋白表位。然而，燕麦醇溶蛋白基因的数量几乎是球蛋白基因的四倍，而且在蛋白质水平上，仅占储存蛋白的 10%。因此，燕麦是否对乳糜泻患者安全是一个边界值问题。
