Downs W R
J Stud Alcohol. 1987 Mar;48(2):167-75. doi: 10.15288/jsa.1987.48.167.
Panel data and multiple regression of follow-up data on baseline data are used to explore direction of relationship among normative structure, adolescent alcohol use and peer alcohol use. Baseline and follow-up data were collected on a random sample of 100 adolescents (54 males). Two separate measures of each of the six variables--Adolescent Alcohol Involvement Scale (AAIS), Quantity-Frequency Index (QF), close friend drinking level, other friend drinking level, perceived harm due to alcohol use and attitudes toward alcohol--were used. The relationship between adolescent self-drinking and peer alcohol use was found to be reciprocal, complex and limited to close friends. Baseline AAIS predicted follow-up close friend drinking level, but baseline QF Index did not. Baseline close friend drinking level predicted follow-up QF Index but not follow-up AAIS. Normative structure toward alcohol was found to be stable over time and unrelated to baseline self or peer alcohol use. Baseline perceived harm due to alcohol use predicted follow-up QF Index, indicating that adolescents adjust behavior to prior attitudes.
使用面板数据以及随访数据与基线数据的多元回归，来探究规范结构、青少年饮酒行为和同伴饮酒行为之间的关系方向。对100名青少年（54名男性）的随机样本收集了基线和随访数据。六个变量中的每一个变量都采用了两种独立的测量方法——青少年酒精参与量表（AAIS）、数量-频率指数（QF）、亲密朋友饮酒水平、其他朋友饮酒水平、对饮酒危害的认知以及对酒精的态度。研究发现，青少年自身饮酒行为与同伴饮酒行为之间的关系是相互的、复杂的，并且仅限于亲密朋友。基线AAIS可预测随访时亲密朋友的饮酒水平，但基线QF指数则不能。基线亲密朋友饮酒水平可预测随访时的QF指数，但不能预测随访时的AAIS。研究发现，对酒精的规范结构随时间推移保持稳定，且与基线时自身或同伴的饮酒行为无关。基线时对饮酒危害的认知可预测随访时的QF指数，这表明青少年会根据先前的态度调整行为。
