Keefe K
Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles 90024-1563.
J Stud Alcohol. 1994 Jan;55(1):46-54. doi: 10.15288/jsa.1994.55.46.
The present study examined age differences in perceived normative social pressure and attitudes as well as the importance of these variables for adolescent alcohol use. Seventh, ninth and eleventh graders (N = 386) completed a questionnaire. A majority of adolescents reported that friends pressured them not to use alcohol. Ninth and eleventh graders, however, perceived their friends as pressuring less against their alcohol use than did seventh graders. While parental influence decreased with age, peer influence did not show a consistent age difference across two drinking measures. As expected, the importance of perceived benefits increased with age, while that of perceived costs of alcohol use decreased with age. The findings suggest that the perceived normative pressure varies with the age and the behavior of the adolescent.
本研究考察了感知到的规范性社会压力和态度方面的年龄差异，以及这些变量对青少年饮酒行为的重要性。七年级、九年级和十一年级的学生（N = 386）完成了一份问卷。大多数青少年报告称，朋友会劝他们不要饮酒。然而，九年级和十一年级的学生比七年级的学生感觉朋友对他们饮酒行为的劝阻更少。虽然父母的影响随年龄增长而减弱，但在两项饮酒指标上，同伴影响并未表现出一致的年龄差异。正如预期的那样，感知到的饮酒益处的重要性随年龄增长而增加，而感知到的饮酒成本的重要性则随年龄增长而降低。研究结果表明，感知到的规范性压力会因青少年的年龄和行为而有所不同。
