Fink Mardi, Wrana Jeffrey L
Centre for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Dev Dyn. 2023 Apr;252(4):445-462. doi: 10.1002/dvdy.500. Epub 2022 Jun 16.
The delicate balance between the homeostatic maintenance and regenerative capacity of the intestine makes this a fascinating tissue of study. The intestinal epithelium undergoes continuous homeostatic renewal but is also exposed to a diverse array of stresses that can range from physiological processes such as digestion to exposure to infectious agents, drugs, radiation therapy, and inflammatory stimuli. The intestinal epithelium has thus evolved to efficiently maintain and reinstate proper barrier function that is essential for intestinal integrity and function. Factors governing homeostatic epithelial turnover are well described; however, the dynamic regenerative mechanisms that occur following injury are the subject of intense ongoing investigations. The TGF-β superfamily is a key regulator of both homeostatic renewal and regenerative processes of the intestine. Here, we review the roles of TGF-β and BMP on the adult intestinal epithelium during self-renewal and injury to provide a framework for understanding how this major family of morphogens can tip the scale between intestinal health and disease.
肠道在稳态维持和再生能力之间的微妙平衡使其成为一个引人入胜的研究组织。肠道上皮细胞不断进行稳态更新，但也面临着各种各样的压力，这些压力范围从消化等生理过程到接触感染因子、药物、放射治疗和炎症刺激。因此，肠道上皮细胞已经进化到能够有效地维持和恢复适当的屏障功能，这对肠道的完整性和功能至关重要。调节上皮细胞稳态更新的因素已有详细描述；然而，损伤后发生的动态再生机制是目前深入研究的主题。转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）超家族是肠道稳态更新和再生过程的关键调节因子。在这里，我们综述了TGF-β和骨形态发生蛋白（BMP）在成年肠道上皮细胞自我更新和损伤过程中的作用，以提供一个框架，用于理解这个主要的形态发生素家族如何在肠道健康和疾病之间权衡。
