College of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan.
Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan.
J Strength Cond Res. 2023 Feb 1;37(2):270-276. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004253. Epub 2022 May 24.
Shimozawa, Y, Kurihara, T, Kusagawa, Y, Hori, M, Numasawa, S, Sugiyama, T, Tanaka, T, Suga, T, Terada, RS, Isaka, T, and Terada, M. Point prevalence of the biomechanical dimension of dysfunctional breathing patterns among competitive athletes. J Strength Cond Res 37(2): 270-276, 2023-There is growing evidence of associations between altered biomechanical breathing patterns and numerous musculoskeletal and psychological conditions. The prevalence of dysfunctional and diaphragmatic breathing patterns is unknown among athletic populations. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of dysfunctional and diaphragmatic breathing patterns among athletic populations with a clinical measure to assess the biomechanical dimension of breathing patterns. Using a cross-sectional design, 1,933 athletes across multiple sports and ages were screened from 2017 to 2020. Breathing patterns were assessed using the Hi-Lo test in the standing position. Scores of the Hi-Lo test were determined based on the presence or absence of abdominal excursion, anterior-posterior chest expansion, superior rib cage migration, and shoulder elevation. The Hi-Lo test scores were used to categorize observational breathing mechanics as dysfunctional and diaphragmatic breathing patterns. The prevalence of athletes with dysfunctional breathing patterns was 90.6% (1,751 of 1,933). Athletes with diaphragmatic breathing patterns accounted for 9.4% of all athletes in our sample (182 of 1,933). There were no differences in the proportion of breathing patterns between male and female athletes ( p = 0.424). Breathing patterns observations were associated with sport-setting categories ( p = 0.002). The highest percentages of dysfunctional breathers were in middle school student athletes (93.7%), followed by elementary school student athletes (91.2%), high school student athletes (90.6%), professional/semiprofessional athletes (87.5%), and collegiate athletes (84.8%). The current study observed that dysfunctional breathing patterns (90.6%) in the biomechanical dimension were more prevalent than diaphragmatic breathing pattern (9.4%) among competitive athletes. These results suggest that clinicians may need to consider screening breathing patterns and implementing intervention programs aimed to improve the efficiency of biomechanical dimensions of breathing patterns in athletic populations. This study may help raise awareness of impacts of dysfunctional breathing patterns on athletes' health and performance.
庄沢和也、栗原豊、草川祐、堀真也、沼沢寿和、杉山豊、田中敏、末安哲郎、井上清、寺田敏。竞技运动员呼吸模式生物力学维度的功能障碍发生率的现况调查。《力量与体能研究杂志》37(2)：270-276，2023-越来越多的证据表明，呼吸模式的生物力学改变与许多肌肉骨骼和心理状况有关。在竞技运动员群体中，功能障碍性和横膈膜呼吸模式的发生率尚不清楚。本研究旨在使用临床测量评估呼吸模式的生物力学维度，以检查竞技运动员群体中功能障碍性和横膈膜呼吸模式的发生率。本研究采用横断面设计，于 2017 年至 2020 年期间从多个运动项目和年龄段的 1933 名运动员中进行了筛查。采用站立位 Hi-Lo 测试评估呼吸模式。Hi-Lo 测试的评分基于腹部活动度、前后胸扩张度、上肋骨迁移度和肩部抬高度的有无来确定。Hi-Lo 测试评分用于将观察性呼吸力学分类为功能障碍性和横膈膜呼吸模式。功能障碍性呼吸模式运动员的发生率为 90.6%（1933 名运动员中有 1751 名）。我们样本中所有运动员中膈肌呼吸模式的比例为 9.4%（1933 名运动员中有 182 名）。男女运动员之间的呼吸模式比例没有差异（p=0.424）。呼吸模式观察结果与运动项目类别相关（p=0.002）。功能障碍性呼吸者比例最高的是中学生运动员（93.7%），其次是小学生运动员（91.2%）、高中生运动员（90.6%）、职业/半职业运动员（87.5%）和大学生运动员（84.8%）。本研究观察到，在竞技运动员中，生物力学维度的功能障碍性呼吸模式（90.6%）比膈肌呼吸模式（9.4%）更为常见。这些结果表明，临床医生可能需要考虑对呼吸模式进行筛查，并实施干预计划，以改善竞技运动员呼吸模式生物力学维度的效率。本研究可能有助于提高人们对功能障碍性呼吸模式对运动员健康和表现影响的认识。
